Social barriers to optimal pain management in infants and children
Social barriers to optimal pain management in infants and children
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DOI：
10.1097/00002508-199609000-00011
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发表时间：
1996-09-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Gilbert, CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Craig, KD;Lilley, CM;Gilbert, CA
目的：要研究的社会障碍，导致不到最佳的管理儿童pain in children.Design：认识到婴儿和儿童的脆弱性和他们的依赖照顾成人，疼痛沟通的模型。该模型检查（a）儿童的疼痛经历，包括社会决定因素;（B）将疼痛的严重程度和质量编码为表达行为的能力的发展变化;（c）解码疼痛的成人技能和缺陷;以及（d）根据儿童行动的意义和重要性预测的成人行动。目前的研究和专业文献的访问，通过搜索的Psyclit和Medline数据库的相关调查的基础上，我们的工作知识的literary.Conclusion：众多的威慑，以最佳的护理确定在领域的常见信念的性质，在婴儿和儿童的疼痛：未能认识到社会化对家庭和文化经验和表达模式的影响;需要针对具体年龄的评估工具：使用现有疼痛证据的能力有限;需要更有效地雇用临床医生、父母和其他成年人提供护理;以及医疗体系的结构性问题。
Objective: To examine the social barriers that lead to less than optimal management of pain in children.Design: Recognizing the vulnerabilities of infants and children and their dependence on caring adults, a model of pain communication is proposed. The model examines (a) the pain experiences of children, including social determinants; (b) developmental variations in the capacity to encode the severity and qualities of pain as expressive behavior; (c) adult skills and deficiencies in decoding pain; and (d) the actions of adults predicated on the meaning and significance attached to children's actions, Limitations in care were examined.Data sources: The current research and professional literature were accessed through searches of the Psyclit and Medline databases for relevant investigations on the basis of our working knowledge of the literature.Conclusion: Numerous deterrents to optimal care are identified in the domains of commonplace beliefs about the nature of pain in infants and children: failure to recognize the impact of socialization in familial and cultural modes of experience and expression; needs for age-specific assessment instruments: the limited capacity to use available evidence concerning pain; the need to employ clinicians, parents, and other adults more effectively in delivering care; and structural problems in the health care system.