Testing for Individual Differences in the Identification of Chemosignals for Fear and Happy: Phenotypic Super-Detectors, Detectors and Non-Detectors.
Testing for Individual Differences in the Identification of Chemosignals for Fear and Happy: Phenotypic Super-Detectors, Detectors and Non-Detectors.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0154495
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wilson P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haviland-Jones JM;McGuire TR;Wilson P
情绪气味识别，即对情绪气味的明确感知，可能是一项重要的情绪技能，也是复杂的双重加工系统的一部分。已经有研究表明，情绪气味具有显著的隐性效应，这种效应是在没有意识到的情况下发生的。这项研究应用了一些方法来检验人类在识别恐惧和快乐的化学信号方面的个体差异，这一方法本身很重要，也是理解嗅觉系统中情绪的双重处理的关键。在一项情绪诱导任务中，从14名男性捐赠者身上收集了腋下情绪气味。在12分钟和24分钟后收集垫子，产生两个剂量。61名参与者(41名女性)识别了情绪气味化学信号。在一项单独的试验中，参与者确定了两种剂量的恐惧，两种剂量的快乐，以及一种无菌对照。共有15项试验。第一次分析(RTT)表明，该种群在鉴定准确率上是表型异质性的，而不是同质性的。它还表明，至少需要10次试验才能保证测试的可靠性。第二个分析，生长混合模型，发现了三组不同的检测器：(1)49.49%是一致准确的超级检测器，(2)32.52%的准确性高于机会水平的检测器，(3)17.98%的非检测器。贝叶斯后验分析显示，组的可靠性达到或超过98%。没有发现情绪气味效价(恐惧或快乐)、剂量(12分钟或24分钟收集)或性别的差异。指出了进一步研究遗传差异、学习和识别功能的意义。似乎很多人在明确辨别恐惧和快乐的情绪气味方面都是可靠的，但这项技能并不相同。
Mood odor identification, explicit awareness of mood odor, may be an important emotion skill and part of a complex dual processing system. It has already been shown that mood odors have significant implicit effects, effects that occur without awareness. This study applies methods for examining human individual differences in the identification of chemosignals for fear and happy, important in itself, and a key to understanding the dual processing of emotion in the olfactory system. Axillary mood odors had been collected from 14 male donors during a mood induction task. Pads were collected after 12 and 24 minutes, creating two doses. Sixty -one participants (41 females) identified the mood odor chemosignals. On a single trial, participants identified 2 doses of fear, 2 doses of happy, and a sterile control. There were 15 trials. The first analysis (rtt) showed that the population was phenotypically heterogeneous, not homogeneous, in identification accuracy. It also showed that a minimum of 10 trials was needed for test reliability. The second analysis, Growth Mixture Modeling, found three distinct groups of detectors: (1) 49.49% were consistently accurate super detectors, (2) 32.52% were accurate above chance level detectors, and (3) 17.98% were non-detectors. Bayesian Posterior Analyses showed reliability of groups at or above 98%. No differences related to mood odor valence (fear or happy), dose (collection at 12 or 24 minutes) or gender were found. Implications for further study of genetic differences, learning and function of identification are noted. It appears that many people can be reliable in explicitly identifying fear and happy mood odors but this skill is not homogeneous.