Not all artificial structures are created equal: Pilings linked to greater ecological and environmental change in sediment communities than seawalls.
Not all artificial structures are created equal: Pilings linked to greater ecological and environmental change in sediment communities than seawalls.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.08.012
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发表时间：
2018-11
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
E. Heery;K. Dafforn;James A. Smith;Shinjiro Ushiama;M. Mayer‐Pinto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Heery;K. Dafforn;James A. Smith;Shinjiro Ushiama;M. Mayer‐Pinto
人工结构是海洋生态系统变化的媒介。它们为硬基质生物增加了新的栖息地，并改变了周围的环境。迄今为止，大多数研究都集中在直接生活在人工结构上的社区，需要更多的研究这些结构对附近社区和周围环境的潜在影响。我们使用传统的沉积物分析，稳定同位素分析和环境DNA相结合，周围的两种类型的人工结构（桩和海堤）的沉积物邻近岩礁的沉积物进行了比较。人工和自然海岸沉积物最好区分沉积物变量与流速密切相关。桩沉积物有显着更细的粒度，更高的有机含量，和一般较低的C：N比沉积物附近的其他栖息地类型，这表明流量减少桩。桩附近的沉积组合也与低流量条件下预测的一致，与其他栖息地类型相比，提高细菌定植和小存款馈线的相对丰度增加。此外，与其他生境中的蚯蚓类相比，堆积物中蚯蚓类的δ 15 N值降低，表明其碎屑来源不同，营养联系较少。木质碎屑是更大的海堤附近比自然的岩石海岸或桩。我们的研究结果表明，人工结构有可能影响邻近的软沉积物，通过改变沉积物的性质，影响底栖动物和微生物群落，以及一些消费者的营养联系。我们假设，这是由于改变流量，不同的碎屑补贴，不同的栖息地类型之间的相邻土地利用的组合。管理人员在决定在何处建造不同类型的人工结构时，应考虑沉积物性质和生态变化的可能性。需要进一步的操纵实验来了解变化的机制，并帮助管理人工结构对海底的影响。
Artificial structures are agents of change in marine ecosystems. They add novel habitat for hard-substrate organisms and modify the surrounding environment. Most research to date has focused on the communities living directly on artificial structures, and more research is needed on the potential impacts these structures have on nearby communities and the surrounding environment. We compared the sedimentary habitat surrounding two types of artificial structures (pilings and seawalls) to sediments adjacent to rocky reefs using a combination of traditional sediment analyses, stable isotope analysis, and environmental DNA. Artificial and natural shore sediments were best differentiated by sediment variables strongly associated with flow speed. Pilings sediments had significantly finer grain size, higher organic content, and generally lower C:N ratios than sediments adjacent to the other habitat types, suggesting flow is reduced by pilings. Sedimentary assemblages near pilings were also consistent with those predicted under low-flow conditions, with elevated bacterial colonization and increased relative abundances of small deposit feeders compared with other habitat types. Additionally, lumbrinerid polychaetes in pilings sediments had reduced δ15N values, suggesting different detrital resources and fewer trophic linkages compared with lumbrinerids in other habitats. Woody detritus was greater adjacent to seawalls than to natural rocky shores or pilings. Our findings suggest that artificial structures have the potential to influence adjacent soft sediments through changes to sediment properties that affect infaunal and microbial communities, as well as trophic linkages for some consumers. We hypothesize that this is due to a combination of altered flow, differing detrital subsidies, and differing adjacent land-use among habitat types. Managers should consider the potential for changed sediment properties and ecology when deciding where to build different types of artificial structures. Further manipulative experiments are needed to understand mechanisms of change and help manage the impacts of artificial structures on the seafloor.