Relationships between pathologic subjective halitosis, olfactory reference syndrome, and social anxiety in young Japanese women.
Relationships between pathologic subjective halitosis, olfactory reference syndrome, and social anxiety in young Japanese women.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40359-017-0176-1
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发表时间：
2017-03-14
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Ansai T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tsuruta M;Takahashi T;Tokunaga M;Iwasaki M;Kataoka S;Kakuta S;Soh I;Awano S;Hirata H;Kagawa M;Ansai T
病理性主观口臭被称为口臭投诉没有客观证实的口臭由他人或通过口臭计测量;据报道，它与社交焦虑症。嗅觉参照综合征是一种错误的信念，即一个人散发出恶臭和令人反感的体臭。一般来说，嗅觉参照综合征患者与多个身体部位有关。然而，口腔是嗅觉参考综合征患者最常见的体味来源，这可能意味着这两种情况具有相似的特征。因此，我们调查了病理性主观口臭、嗅觉参考综合征、社交焦虑和对身体部位气味的关注之间的潜在因果关系。共有1360名女学生（平均年龄19.6 ± 1.1岁）回答了一份关于病理性主观口臭、嗅觉参考综合征、社交焦虑和对身体部位（如口腔、身体、腋窝和足部）气味的关注的自填问卷。病理性主观口臭的量表遵循Tsunoda等人开发的量表;参与者基于他们的分数被分成三组（即，病理性主观口臭的水平）。贝叶斯网络被用来分析病理性主观口臭，嗅觉参考综合征，社交焦虑，与身体部位气味的关注之间的因果关系。不同程度的病理性主观口臭患者的嗅觉参考综合征和社交焦虑的结果差异有统计学意义（P < 0.001）。残差分析显示，病理性主观口臭严重的学生对口腔和身体气味的关注程度更高（P < 0.05）。贝叶斯网络分析表明社交焦虑直接影响病理性主观口臭和嗅觉参考综合征。对口腔和身体气味的关注也会影响病理性主观口臭。社交焦虑可能是病理性主观性口臭和嗅觉参照综合征的一个致病因素。
Pathologic subjective halitosis is known as a halitosis complaint without objective confirmation of halitosis by others or by halitometer measurements; it has been reported to be associated with social anxiety disorder. Olfactory reference syndrome is a preoccupation with the false belief that one emits a foul and offensive body odor. Generally, patients with olfactory reference syndrome are concerned with multiple body parts. However, the mouth is known to be the most common source of body odor for those with olfactory reference syndrome, which could imply that the two conditions share similar features. Therefore, we investigated potential causal relationships among pathologic subjective halitosis, olfactory reference syndrome, social anxiety, and preoccupations with body part odors. A total of 1360 female students (mean age 19.6 ± 1.1 years) answered a self-administered questionnaire regarding pathologic subjective halitosis, olfactory reference syndrome, social anxiety, and preoccupation with odors of body parts such as mouth, body, armpits, and feet. The scale for pathologic subjective halitosis followed that developed by Tsunoda et al.; participants were divided into three groups based on their scores (i.e., levels of pathologic subjective halitosis). A Bayesian network was used to analyze causal relationships between pathologic subjective halitosis, olfactory reference syndrome, social anxiety, and preoccupations with body part odors. We found statistically significant differences in the results for olfactory reference syndrome and social anxiety among the various levels of pathologic subjective halitosis (P < 0.001). Residual analyses indicated that students with severe levels of pathologic subjective halitosis showed greater preoccupations with mouth and body odors (P < 0.05). Bayesian network analysis showed that social anxiety directly influenced pathologic subjective halitosis and olfactory reference syndrome. Preoccupations with mouth and body odors also influenced pathologic subjective halitosis. Social anxiety may be a causal factor of pathologic subjective halitosis and olfactory reference syndrome.