A foundation for initial attack simulation: the Fried and Fried fire containment model
A foundation for initial attack simulation: the Fried and Fried fire containment model
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初始攻击模拟的基础：Fried 和 Fried 火灾遏制模型
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Fried
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Fried;B. Fried
火灾发生、火灾行为、消防能力和消防挑战（如火线生产力所示）。建模者经常模拟多个火灾季节的火灾事件的遏制（通过运行实际火灾季节的事件数据或模拟的“合成”季节的事件数据，以便与实际火灾季节的火灾发生、行为等分布保持一致）。虽然人们可以尝试在空间明确的建模环境（如FARSITE）中模拟每一场野火的生长和遏制，但这种方法是耗时的，并且不清楚使用这种技术是否比基于代表性地理信息系统数据的响应时间和火线生产力的广泛火灾行为建模有优势。相反，当代的初始攻击模型，如加州火灾经济模拟器（CFES）版本2和跨部门火灾计划分析初始响应模拟器（FPA-IRS），模拟了数千起此类准空间表示火灾的遏制。这两种模型都依赖于Fried and Fried遏制算法（Fried and Fried 1996），该算法模拟了灭火努力对火灾增长的影响，允许模拟任何数学上可表示的火灾形状，提供“头”和“尾”攻击战术以及平行攻击（与自由燃烧的火灾周界平行但与之有一定偏移距离的建筑火线）。火灾在前线的蔓延速度会随着部队靠近火头（火势蔓延速度最大的地方）而不断增加。
fire occurrence, fire behavior, firefighting capacity, and firefighting challenge (as manifest in fireline productivity). Modelers often simulate containment of fire events from multiple fire seasons (either by running event data from actual fire seasons or from "synthetic" seasons simulated so as to be consistent with the distributions of fire occurrence, behavior, etc. from actual fire seasons). While one could attempt to simulate the growth and containment of each wildfire in a spatially explicit modeling environment such as FARSITE, this approach is time-intensive, and it is not clear if there are advantages to using this technique over modeling a broad range of fire behaviors with response times and fireline productivities based on representative geographic information system data. Instead, contemporary initial attack models, such as the California Fire Economics Simulator (CFES) version 2 and the Interagency Fire Program Analysis' Initial Response Simulator (FPA-IRS), simulate containment on thousands of such quasi-spatially represented fires. Both of these models rely on the Fried and Fried containment algorithm (Fried and Fried 1996), which models the effect of suppression efforts on fire growth, allows simulation of any mathematically representable fire shape, provides for "head" and "tail" attack tactics as well as parallel attack (building fireline parallel to but at some offset distance from the free-burning fire perimeter, alone and in combiThe fire's rate of spread at the front of the linebuilding effort will be continually increasing as the unit moves closer to the head of the fire, where fire spread rate is maximum.