Cuttlefish exert self-control in a delay of gratification task
Cuttlefish exert self-control in a delay of gratification task
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2020.3161
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发表时间：
2021-03-10
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Hanlon，Roger T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Schnell，Alexandra K.;Boeckle，Markus;Hanlon，Roger T.
施加自我控制的能力在分类群内和分类群之间有所不同。一些物种可以自我控制几秒钟，而另一些物种，如大脑脊椎动物，可以容忍长达几分钟的延迟。先进的自我控制与认知任务中更好的表现有关，并被假设为随着特定的社会生态压力而演变。这些压力很难分离，因为以前研究的物种面临着类似的社会生态挑战。在这里，我们研究了乌贼的自我控制和学习表现，乌贼是一种无脊椎动物，被认为是在与之前研究的脊椎动物部分不同的压力下进化出来的。为了测试自控力，研究人员向乌贼提供了一项延迟维持任务，这项任务衡量了一个人放弃即刻满足并坚持延迟以换取更好但延迟的奖励的能力。为了测试学习成绩，我们使用了反转学习任务，即要求乌贼学会将奖赏与两种刺激中的一种联系起来，然后学习将奖赏与另一种刺激联系起来。延迟满足时间越长的墨鱼，学习成绩越好。我们的结果表明，墨鱼可以忍受延误，以获得与一些大脑脊椎动物相当的更高质量的食物。
The ability to exert self-control varies within and across taxa. Some species can exert self-control for several seconds whereas others, such as large-brained vertebrates, can tolerate delays of up to several minutes. Advanced self-control has been linked to better performance in cognitive tasks and has been hypothesized to evolve in response to specific socio-ecological pressures. These pressures are difficult to uncouple because previously studied species face similar socio-ecological challenges. Here, we investigate self-control and learning performance in cuttlefish, an invertebrate that is thought to have evolved under partially different pressures to previously studied vertebrates. To test self-control, cuttlefish were presented with a delay maintenance task, which measures an individual's ability to forgo immediate gratification and sustain a delay for a better but delayed reward. Cuttlefish maintained delay durations for up to 50–130 s. To test learning performance, we used a reversal-learning task, whereby cuttlefish were required to learn to associate the reward with one of two stimuli and then subsequently learn to associate the reward with the alternative stimulus. Cuttlefish that delayed gratification for longer had better learning performance. Our results demonstrate that cuttlefish can tolerate delays to obtain food of higher quality comparable to that of some large-brained vertebrates.