Selected cognitive factors and speech recognition performance among young and elderly listeners
Selected cognitive factors and speech recognition performance among young and elderly listeners
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DOI：
10.1044/jslhr.4002.423
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发表时间：
1997-04-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Fitzgibbons, PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GordonSalant, S;Fitzgibbons, PJ
通过测量回忆任务、语速和上下文线索的可用性对年轻和老年听者语音识别表现的影响，研究了选定的认知因素对语音识别年龄相关变化的影响。刺激来自R-SPIN测试的低语境和高语境句子在正常和缓慢的语音速率下呈现在噪音中。反应方式为最后单词回忆和句子回忆。通过比较听力正常的年轻和老年听众以及听力损失的年轻和老年听众的表现，研究了听力损失和年龄的影响。听力损失的听众在几乎所有情况下都比听力正常的听众表现得更差。此外，老年听者在句子记忆任务上的表现不如年轻听者，但在单词记忆任务上的表现不佳，表明增加的记忆需求对老年听者的表现有不利影响。语速减慢对年轻听众和老年听众的表现没有差别影响。所有听者在有刺激情境线索时都表现良好。综上所述，这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即听力损失的老年听众的表现受到听觉处理因素、记忆需求和语音上下文信息的综合影响。
The influence of selected cognitive factors on age-related changes in speech recognition was examined by measuring the effects of recall task, speech rate, and availability of contextual cues on recognition performance by young and elderly listeners. Stimuli were low and high context sentences From the R-SPIN test presented at normal and slowed speech rates in noise. Response modes were final word recall and sentence recall. The effects of hearing loss and age were examined by comparing performances of young and elderly listeners with normal hearing and young and elderly listeners with hearing loss. Listeners with hearing loss performed more poorly than listeners with normal hearing in nearly every condition. In addition, elderly listeners exhibited poorer performance than younger listeners on the sentence recall task, but not on the word recall task, indicating that added memory demands have a detrimental effect on elderly listeners' performance. Slowing of speech rate did not have a differential effect on performance of young and elderly listeners. All listeners performed well when stimulus contextual cues were available. Taken together, these results support the notion that the performance of elderly listeners with hearing loss is influenced by a combination of auditory processing factors, memory demands, and speech contextual information.