The knowledge economy and its cultures
The knowledge economy and its cultures
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知识经济及其文化
DOI：
10.14318/hau6.3.018
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rosemary J. Coombe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rosemary J. Coombe
在新自由主义的监管结构调整条件下，文化产品越来越重要，这些条件有利于在所谓的“知识经济”中投资信息资本。在过去的四分之一世纪里，随着对多样性进行解释和实施的全球政策制度，语言差异、语言实践和日益标准化的代表类型构成了拉丁美洲政府和重新领土化的新技术。这一论点是通过一个关键的多尺度调查最近的人种学研究在拉丁美洲的背景下，我们可以跟踪的方式和手段，通过国际贸易，知识产权和生物多样性制度的影响表示和管理的知识，以实现新形式的空间化。作为自我管理社区的土著社会集体对传统知识、植物遗传资源和食物来源采取了占有（如果不一定是专有的）态度，学会了标记商品和服务，以表明其文化上的具体原产地条件。然而，随着文化化社区成为新自由主义政府的主体，他们被要求展示自己独特的资产，以便使新的对话者在政治和经济上能够理解这些资产。这引发了围绕资产、商品、价值观和规范的新形式的反身性，并为新兴文化政治领域中基于权利的斗争提供了新的资源，在这个领域中，新自由主义的多元文化主义在更深入的市场和更多元化的政体中本土化。
Cultural goods are increasingly significant under neoliberal conditions of regulatory restructuring that favor investments in informational capital in so-called “knowledge economies.” Linguistic difference, linguistic practice, and increasingly standardized genres of representation have been constitutive of new technologies of government and reterritorialization in Latin America in the last quarter-century as global policy regimes that valorize diversity have been interpreted and implemented. The argument is presented through a critical multiscalar survey of recent ethnographic research in Latin American contexts in which we can trace the ways and means through which international trade, intellectual property, and biodiversity regimes have influenced representations and management of knowledge to effect new forms of spatialization. Indigenous social collectives constituted as self-managing communities have embraced possessive, if not necessarily proprietary, attitudes toward traditional knowledge, plant genetic resources, and food sources, learning to mark goods and services to indicate culturally specific conditions of origin. As culturalized communities become subjects of neoliberal government, however, they are called upon to project their distinctive assets so as to make them politically and economically legible to new interlocutors. This has provoked new forms of reflexivity around assets, goods, values, and norms, and provided new resources for rights-based struggles in an emerging field of cultural politics in which neoliberal multiculturalism is vernacularized in more embedded markets and more pluralist polities.