Salt Tolerance Of Some Potential Forage Grasses From Cholistan Desert Of Pakistan
Salt Tolerance Of Some Potential Forage Grasses From Cholistan Desert Of Pakistan
复制标题
巴基斯坦乔利斯坦沙漠一些潜在饲草的耐盐性
DOI：
10.1007/1-4020-4018-0_3
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Akhtar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Ashraf;M. Hameed;M. Arshad;Yasin Ashraf;K. Akhtar
乔里斯坦沙漠位于巴基斯坦旁遮普省东南部，面积2.58万平方公里，是大塔尔沙漠的一部分。典型的土壤类型包括：沙丘、含少量非盐碱非钠质壤土的沙质土壤和钠质粘土。植被结构和密度受降雨影响较大。在降雨量少的年份，甚至饮用水也变得稀缺，植物和动物群落都受到不利影响。 1997-98年进行了生物多样性评估调查。小胆草属禾本科植物中的优势种为Aristida adscensionis、Ochthochloa compressa、Lasiurus scindicus、Cymbopogon jwarancusa、Cenchrus biflorus、Sporobolus ioclados和Aeluropus lagopoides，而大胆草属Aeluropus lagopoides、Aristida adscensionis、Cenchrus biflorus、Cenchrus pennesetiformis、Cymbopogon jwarancusa、Lasiurus scindicus、Panicum antidotale 和 Panicum turgidum。与其他沙漠一样，该地区的主要问题是缺乏优质水。乔利斯坦大部分地区的地下水都是微咸水，不适合植物的正常生长。通过采用生物方法，很可能可以对乔利斯坦的广大地区进行经济开发。在四种盐度处理（2.4（对照）、8、16 和 24 dS m−1）下生长 6 周后，对四种潜在饲料草种（Cenchrus pennesetiformis、Panicum turgidum、Pennisetum divisum 和 Leptochloa fusca）的耐盐性进行了评估，其中包括一种高度耐受的外来草种 Puccinellia distans。千金草和远茅草的芽生物量生产不受任何盐度水平的影响，并且这些草在所有盐度处理下都比其他物种具有更多的芽新鲜和干物质。狼尾草受到的影响最严重，而Cenchrus pennesetiformis和Panicum turgidum的生物量生产处于中等水平。每个物种的芽或根中都表现出不同离子（Na2、Cl−、K2 和 Ca22）的特定积累模式。在对照和盐处理下，Cenchrus pennesetiformis 和Panicum turgidum 的叶单糖（葡萄糖 ² 果糖）水平相似。 黑千金子积累了较少量的单糖，尽管其单糖在盐处理中增加了一倍。由于生根培养基中盐的添加，Cenchrus pennesetiformis 叶子中的二糖（蔗糖）显着减少。三糖（棉子糖）相对于单糖和二糖来说非常低。在另一项实验中，对来自 Cholistan 的 6 种解毒黍、8 种 Cenchrus ciliaris 和 1 种 Lasiurus scindicus 进行了五种 NaCl 水平即盐度耐受性的检测。 1.25（对照）、10、15、20 和 25 dS m−1。尽管所有种质的生长特性均显着降低，但在所有测量的生长参数中，Cenchrus ciliaris 的 KS 1/2 和 Local-2、Lasiurus scindicus 的 LS 3/6 和解黍的 KS 1/1 均优于其他种质。总之，这些材料可以通过地下微咸水灌溉直接用于 Cholistan 受盐影响的土壤。像Panicum turgidum、P. antidotale和Lasiurus scindicus这样的草虽然具有中等耐盐性，但可以在沙质土壤上生长，并用中等咸度的地下水灌溉。
Cholistan desert located in the southeast of the Punjab province, Pakistan, covering an area of 25,800 km2is a part of Greater Thar desert. The soil types characteristically include: sand dunes, sandy soils with patches of non-saline non-sodic loamy soils and sodic clayey soils. Vegetation structure and density are greatly influenced by the rainfall. During low rainfall years even drinking water gets scarce and both the plant and animal communities are adversely affected. Biodiversity assessment survey was carried out during 1997–98. The dominant species of the lesser Cholistan among grasses wereAristida adscensionis, Ochthochloa compressa, Lasiurus scindicus, Cymbopogon jwarancusa, Cenchrus biflorus, Sporobolus ioclados and Aeluropus lagopoides, whereas that of Greater CholistanAeluropus lagopoides, Aristida adscensionis, Cenchrus biflorus, Cenchrus pennesetiformis, Cymbopogon jwarancusa, Lasiurus scindicus, Panicum antidotale and Panicum turgidum. Like other deserts, the major problem in the area is the scarcity of good quality water. The subsoil water in most places of Cholistan is brackish and unfit for normal plant growth. It is highly probable that by adopting biological approach the vast area of Cholistan can be economically exploited. Salinity tolerance of four potential forage grass species,Cenchrus pennesetiformis, Panicum turgidum, Pennisetum divisumandLeptochloa fusca, including one highly tolerant exotic grass speciesPuccinellia distanswas assessed after 6 weeks growth at four salinity treatments, 2.4 (control), 8, 16 and 24 dS m−1. Shoot biomass production inLeptochloa fuscaandPuccinellia distanswas not affected by any of the salinity levels and these grasses had greater shoot fresh and dry matter than the other species at all salinity treatments.Pennisetum divisumwas the worst affected, whereasCenchrus pennesetiformisandPanicum turgidumwere intermediate in biomass production. Every species showed a specific accumulation pattern for different ions (Na², Cl−, K² and Ca2²) in the shoots or roots. Levels of leaf monosaccharides (glucose ² fructose) were similar inCenchrus pennesetiformisandPanicum turgidumunder both control and salt treatments.Leptochloa fuscaaccumulated lesser amounts of monosaccharides, although its monosaccharides doubled in the salt treatment. Disaccharides (sucrose), in the leaves ofCenchrus pennesetiformis, decreased markedly due to the addition of salts in the rooting medium. Trisaccharides (raffinose) were very low in relation to monosaccharides and disaccharides. In another experiment six accessions ofPanicum antidotale, eight ofCenchrus ciliarisand one ofLasiurus scindicusfrom Cholistan were examined for-salinity tolerance under five NaCl levels viz. 1.25 (control), 10, 15, 20 and 25 dS m−1. Although significant reduction in growth attributes of all accessions was recorded, accessions KS 1/2 and Local-2 ofCenchrus ciliaris, LS 3/6 ofLasiurus scindicus, and KS 1/1 ofPanicum antidotalewere superior to the other accessions in all growth parameters measured. In conclusion, these accessions could be directly used on the salt affected soils of Cholistan using subsoil brackish water irrigation. Grasses likePanicum turgidum, P. antidotale and Lasiurus scindicusthough moderately salt tolerant, could be grown on sandy soils with irrigation with moderately saline subsoil water.