How many music centers are in the brain?
How many music centers are in the brain?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05738.x
复制
发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Altenm端ller, EO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Altenm端ller, EO
当回顾关于音乐处理的大脑基质的文献时，可以陈述令人困惑的各种发现。20年前，当音乐教育对大脑偏侧化的影响被证明时，传统的大脑组织左右二分法的观点——假设与语言相反，音乐主要是在右半球处理的——受到了挑战。现代观念强调音乐认知的模块化组织。根据这一观点，音乐的不同方面在不同的半球处理，尽管部分重叠的两个半球的神经网络。然而，即使分离出单个“模块”，例如，对轮廓的感知，大脑基质的个体间差异也是巨大的。为了弄清造成这种差异的因素，我们进行了一项纵向实验，比较程序性和显性音乐教学对大脑网络的影响。我们证明，在音乐处理过程中，皮层的激活反映了听觉上的“学习传记”，即随着时间的推移积累的个人经历。听音乐、学习演奏乐器、正式的指导和专业的训练，在许多情况下，会产生多重的、多感官的音乐表现，这些表现在一定程度上似乎是可以互换的，并且能够迅速适应。总之，只要我们考虑实验室实验之外的“真正的音乐”，我们就必须期待个体形成和快速适应的大脑基质，包括在两个半球广泛分布的神经网络。
When reviewing the literature on brain substrates of music processing, a puzzling variety of findings can be stated. The traditional view of a left-right dichotomy of brain organization-assuming that in contrast to language, music is primarily processed in the right hemisphere was challenged 20 years ago, when the influence of music education on brain lateralization was demonstrated. Modern concepts emphasize the modular organization of music cognition. According to this viewpoint, different aspects of music are processed in different, although partly overlapping neuronal networks of both hemispheres. However, even when isolating a single "module," such as, for example, the perception of contours, the interindividual variance of brain substrates is enormous. To clarify the factors contributing to this variability, we conducted a longitudinal experiment comparing the effects of procedural versus explicit music teaching on brain networks. We demonstrated that cortical activation during music processing reflects the auditory "learning biography," the personal experiences accumulated over time. Listening to music, learning to play an instrument, formal instruction, and professional training result in multiple, in many instances multisensory, representations of music, which seem to be partly interchangeable and rapidly adaptive. In summary, as soon as we consider "real music" apart from laboratory experiments, we have to expect individually formed and quickly adaptive brain substrates, including widely distributed neuronal networks in both hemispheres.