Domestication Alone Does Not Lead to Inequality Intergenerational Wealth Transmission among Horticulturalists
Domestication Alone Does Not Lead to Inequality Intergenerational Wealth Transmission among Horticulturalists
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DOI：
10.1086/648587
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发表时间：
2010-02-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Bell, Adrian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gurven, Michael;Mulder, Monique Borgerhoff;Bell, Adrian
我们提出了财富不平等及其在四个园艺人群中的代际传递的实证措施。财富被广泛地解释为体现的躯体和神经资本，包括身体尺寸、生育力和文化知识、土地和家庭财富等物质资本，以及联盟支持和田野劳动形式的关系资本。大多数财富形式的财富不平等程度较低，物质资源的代际财富传递较低，而实体财富和关系财富的代际财富传递程度较低。我们的分析表明，驯化本身并不能改变社会结构；相反，在不平等和财富转移模式类似于更复杂的社会中熟悉的模式之前，可能需要存在稀缺的、可防御的资源。基于用益权和低强度耕种的土地所有权，特别是在狩猎和捕鱼等其他经济活动的背景下，与狩猎采集者中更加平等的财富分配有关。
We present empirical measures of wealth inequality and its intergenerational transmission among four horticulturalist populations. Wealth is construed broadly as embodied somatic and neural capital, including body size, fertility and cultural knowledge, material capital such as land and household wealth, and relational capital in the form of coalitional support and field labor. Wealth inequality is moderate for most forms of wealth, and intergenerational wealth transmission is low for material resources and moderate for embodied and relational wealth. Our analysis suggests that domestication alone does not transform social structure; rather, the presence of scarce, defensible resources may be required before inequality and wealth transmission patterns resemble the familiar pattern in more complex societies. Land ownership based on usufruct and low-intensity cultivation, especially in the context of other economic activities such as hunting and fishing, is associated with more egalitarian wealth distributions as found among hunter-gatherers.