FORAGING AND FLOCKING STRATEGIES - INFORMATION IN AN UNCERTAIN ENVIRONMENT
FORAGING AND FLOCKING STRATEGIES - INFORMATION IN AN UNCERTAIN ENVIRONMENT
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DOI：
10.1086/284228
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
MANGEL, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CLARK, CW;MANGEL, M
研究了不确定性和信息对动物觅食策略的影响。有人认为，群体觅食，或群集，可以增加个人的喂养率作为一个结果，共享信息之间的群体成员。觅食群体的成员可能会经历进食率变化的减少。这两种优势都随着食物供应的稀缺性和零散性而增加。群集的信息优势可能会被过度群集所消耗，这实际上是一种进化稳定的策略。（这里没有考虑可能的防御策略，如领土或侵略。讨论了个体觅食的策略。传统的边际价值、停留时间和放弃时间的分析可能会产生误导。事实证明，探测是很重要的，特别是在食物丰富度变化很大的地方。边际价值定理完全不能反映不确定性和信息的这一方面。
The effects of uncertainty and information on the foraging strategies of animals were investigated. It was argued that group foraging, or flocking, can increase individual feeding rates as a result of the sharing of information among group members. Members of a foraging group may experience reduced variation in their feeding rates. Both of these advantages increase with the scarcity and patchiness of the food supply. The informational advantages of flocking may tend to be dissipated by overflocking, which is in fact an evolutionarily stable strategy. (Possible defense strategies against overflocking, such as territorality or aggression, have not been considered here.) The strategy of individual foragers was discussed. The traditional analysis in terms of marginal values, residence times and giving-up times, may be misleading. It turns out to be important to probe, especially in patches where food abundance is highly variable. The marginal value theorem fails completely to reflect this aspect of uncertainty and information.