Imaging-Based Subtyping for Psychiatric Syndromes
Imaging-Based Subtyping for Psychiatric Syndromes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nic.2019.09.005
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发表时间：
2020-02-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Sweeney，John A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ivleva，Elena I.;Turkozer，Halide B.;Sweeney，John A.
与其他医学领域相比，精神病学的神经影像学研究和临床实践之间存在相当大的差距。广泛的研究表明，在各种精神疾病中，多模态脑成像捕获了显着的变化。沿着认知和电生理学方法，神经影像学方法已成为精神疾病神经生物学概念化的核心。事实上，在20世纪70年代和80年代，成像研究是从心理模型向生物模型转变的核心（Cunningham Owens，Johnstone et al. 1980）。成像工具提供了优于其他方法的优势，因为它们具有广泛的可用性，并且能够提供关于大脑中结构、功能和化学变化的非侵入性定量数据。此外，成像方法已被证明具有相当大的潜力，用于捕获患有复杂脑疾病的患者的生物同质亚组，为新的转化和临床应用提供途径（Sun，Lui等，2015; Lui，Zhou等，2016; Zhang，Xiao等，2018）。然而，尽管神经影像学研究取得了相当大的进展，脑成像仍然不是精神疾病诊断算法中广泛使用的工具。多种障碍导致了这种持续的研究-临床实践差距，包括但不限于精神疾病的先天复杂性，当前诊断结构的压倒性临床和生物学异质性，诊断特异性差和缺乏来自大规模验证研究的成像结果的确定可靠性，以及与实施定量神经成像相关的相当大的实际需求
In contrast to other areas of medicine, considerable gaps exist between neuroimaging research and clinical practice in psychiatry. Extensive research demonstrates significant alterations captured with multimodal brain imaging in various psychiatric conditions. Along with cognitive and electrophysiological approaches, neuroimaging methods have been central to the neurobiological conceptualization of psychiatric disorders. In fact, imaging research was central to shifts from psychological to biological models in the 1970’s and 1980’s (Cunningham Owens, Johnstone et al. 1980). Imaging tools provide advantages over other methods in light of their wide availability and ability to provide non-invasive quantitative data on structural, functional and chemical alterations in the brain. Moreover, imaging approaches have demonstrated considerable potential for capturing biologically homogeneous subgroups of patients with complex brain disorders, offering pathways for novel translational and clinical applications (Sun, Lui et al. 2015, Lui, Zhou et al. 2016, Zhang, Xiao et al. 2018).Nevertheless, despite considerable advances in neuroimaging research, brain imaging is still not a widely used tool in diagnostic algorithms for psychiatric disorders. Multiple hindrances contribute to this persisting research-clinical practice gap, including but not limited to the innate complexity of psychiatric disorders, overwhelming clinical and biological heterogeneity of the current diagnostic constructs, poor diagnostic specificity and lack of established reliability of imaging findings from large scale validation studies, as well as considerable practical demands related to implementation of quantitative neuroimaging