Simulation and Experiment of Mass Evacuation to a Tsunami Evacuation Tower
Simulation and Experiment of Mass Evacuation to a Tsunami Evacuation Tower
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海啸疏散塔大规模疏散模拟与实验
DOI：
10.1115/1.4036662
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Takao Kakizaki; Jiro Urii; Mitsuru Endo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
PEI;Shaoqing;飯沢光拓;長島広貴;高橋和夫;Takao Kakizaki; Mai Endo; Jiro Urii; Mitsuru Endo;Takao Kakizaki; Jiro Urii; Mitsuru Endo
讨论了使用精确运动数字人 (KDH) 模型的三维 (3D) 大规模疏散模拟和实验研究。 2011年3月11日东日本大地震引发的特大海啸引发的洪水造成了90%以上的灾害伤亡。不幸的是，如果南海海槽发生八级以上地震，预计日本沿海地区可能会发生其他巨大海啸。因此，近期的防灾计划应包括向更高的建筑物、高架地面和建造的海啸疏散塔进行疏散。在本研究中，对 500 个 KDH 进行了疏散模拟。模拟由 KDH 的几个子组组成。结果表明，应仔细确定各组可能的疏散路径，以尽量减少疏散时间。模拟中仔细考虑了 KDH 的疏散人员运动特性、疏散人员数量、出口门和受伤人员数量等几个属性。还使用多层建筑复制了实际海啸疏散塔的结构，对疏散人员的运动进行了实验研究，该塔可容纳大约 120 名疏散人员。实验结果表明，适当划分群体人群可以有效减少群体整体疏散时间。结果还表明，疏散过程中行走引起的疲劳会对总疏散时间产生不利影响，尤其是在上楼梯时。实验数据可用于获得更准确的大规模疏散模拟。
A three-dimensional (3D) mass evacuation simulation using precise kinematic digital human (KDH) models and an experimental study are discussed. The flooding associated with the large tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake on Mar. 11, 2011, was responsible for more than 90% of the disaster casualties. Unfortunately, it is expected that other huge tsunamis could occur in Japan coastal areas if an earthquake with magnitude greater than eight occurs along the Nankai Trough. Therefore, recent disaster prevention plans should include evacuation to higher buildings, elevated ground, and constructed tsunami evacuation towers. In this study, evacuation simulations with 500 KDHs were conducted. The simulations consisted of several subgroups of KDHs. It is shown that the possible evacuation path of each group should be carefully determined to minimize the evacuation time. Several properties such as evacuee motion characteristics of KDHs, number of evacuees, exit gates, and number of injured persons were carefully considered in the simulations. Evacuee motion was also experimentally investigated by using a multistoried building to replicate the structure of an actual tsunami evacuation tower that could accommodate approximately 120 evacuees. The experimental results suggest that an appropriately divided group population could effectively reduce the overall group evacuation time. The results also suggest that fatigue due to walking during evacuation adversely affects the total evacuation time, especially in the ascent of stairways. The experimental data can be used to obtain more accurate simulations of mass evacuation.