SHORT HISTORY OF GENETIC-COUNSELING
SHORT HISTORY OF GENETIC-COUNSELING
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DOI：
10.1080/19485565.1974.9988131
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发表时间：
1974-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
REED, SC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
REED, SC
遗传咨询一开始并不叫这个名字。早在“遗传学”这个词发明之前，这种做法就已经很盛行了。岳母可能经常对孙辈的遗传特征发表令人反感的评论，毫无疑问，岳父有时也会从事这种侵略性的活动。遗传咨询的情感方面可能是它最大的弱点。此外，咨询是在没有孟德尔定律的情况下进行的。每个人都知道，有些特征是家族性的，孩子们经常表现出与他们的一些亲戚相同的缺陷。虽然神话是模糊的，往往是错误的，它被广泛接受（和恐惧）的准父母。它是每一种文化中普遍存在的一部分。在过去的几个世纪里，遗传咨询依赖于遗传的一般文化概念。对植物和动物遗传的观察一定影响了古代遗传咨询师的思想，如巫医、牧师、酋长和其他提供建议的人。埃及人留下了一些雕刻，展示了改良牛和未改良牛之间的差异;但直到罗伯特·贝克韦尔（1726- 1795）才保存了准确的育种记录，并有意识地尝试了近亲繁殖等实验。第一
Genetic counseling was not called that in the beginning. The practice had flourished long before the word" genetics" was invented. Mothers-in-law have probably often made invidious comments about the hereditary characteristics to be expected in their grandchildren, and no doubt fathers-in-law also engaged in this aggressive activity at times. The emotional aspects of genetic counseling have probably been its greatest weakness. Furthermore, the counseling was done without the benefit of Mendel's laws. Everyone knew that some traits were familial and that children frequently show the same defects as some of their relatives. While the mythology was vague and often erroneous, it was widely accepted (and dreaded) by expectant parents. It was a pervasive part of every culture. Genetic counseling in the past centuries depended upon the general cultural concepts of heredity. Observations of heredity in plants and animals must have influenced the thinking of the old-time genetic counselors, such as witch doctors, priests, chiefs, and others who gave advice. The Egyptians left carvings which demonstrated the differences between improved and unimproved cattle; but it wasn't until Robert Bakewell (1726-95) that accurate breeding records were kept and experiments such as inbreeding were consciously attempted. The first