Turning Over a New Leaf: Cannabinoid and Endocannabinoid Modulation of Immune Function.
Turning Over a New Leaf: Cannabinoid and Endocannabinoid Modulation of Immune Function.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11481-015-9615-z
复制
发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Lichtman, Aron H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cabral, Guy A.;Rogers, Thomas J.;Lichtman, Aron H.
关键词：
大麻是一种复杂的物质，含有被称为植物大麻素的类萜化合物。在大麻中发现的主要精神活性植物大麻素是四氢大麻酚（THC），它的大部分药理作用是通过两种大麻素受体（CB 1和CB 2）产生的。发现这些受体与THC的不同生物学效应在功能上相关，以及随后合成大麻素的发展，促进了内源性大麻素（或endocannabinoid）系统的发现。该系统由内源性脂质配体N-花生四烯酰乙醇胺（anandamide; AEA）和2-花生四烯酰甘油（2-AG）、它们的生物合成和降解酶以及它们激活的CB 1和CB 2受体组成。内源性大麻素已经在免疫细胞如单核细胞、巨噬细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和树突细胞中被鉴定，并且被认为是以与类二十烷酸类似的方式酶促产生和“按需”释放。现在人们认识到，其他植物大麻素如大麻二酚（CBD）和大麻酚（CBN）可以改变免疫系统的功能活动。神经免疫药理学杂志（JNIP）的这个特别版介绍了关于植物大麻素和内源性大麻素系统的医学意义的前沿原创研究和评论文章的集合。这个特别版的目标是提供一个公正的评估，从该领域的领先研究人员与这个主题相关的研究状态。讨论了大麻的潜在不良影响以及大麻的有益用途，其植物大麻素组合物和合成大麻素类似物。此外，内源性大麻素系统的作用和方法，其操作来治疗选择人类疾病的过程中得到解决。
Cannabis is a complex substance that harbors terpenoid-like compounds referred to as phytocannabinoids. The major psychoactive phytocannabinoid found in cannabis ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) produces the majority of its pharmacological effects through two cannabinoid receptors, termed CB1 and CB2. The discovery of these receptors as linked functionally to distinct biological effects of THC, and the subsequent development of synthetic cannabinoids, precipitated discovery of the endogenous cannabinoid (or endocannabinoid) system. This system consists of the endogenous lipid ligands N- arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide; AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), their biosynthetic and degradative enzymes, and the CB1 and CB2 receptors that they activate. Endocannabinoids have been identified in immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, basophils, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells and are believed to be enzymatically produced and released “on demand” in a similar fashion as the eicosanoids. It is now recognized that other phytocannabinoids such as cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN) can alter the functional activities of the immune system. This special edition of the Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology (JNIP) presents a collection of cutting edge original research and review articles on the medical implications of phytocannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system. The goal of this special edition is to provide an unbiased assessment of the state of research related to this topic from leading researchers in the field. The potential untoward effects as well as beneficial uses of marijuana, its phytocannabinoid composition, and synthesized cannabinoid analogs are discussed. In addition, the role of the endocannabinoid system and approaches to its manipulation to treat select human disease processes are addressed.