Ingestion of fishing gear and entanglements of seabirds: monitoring and implications for management
Ingestion of fishing gear and entanglements of seabirds: monitoring and implications for management
复制标题
渔具的摄入和海鸟的缠绕：监测及其对管理的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2009.11.020
复制
发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
N. Harrison
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Phillips;C. Ridley;K. Reid;P. Pugh;G. Tuck;N. Harrison
渔业越来越多地采用生态系统办法，以更好地管理对非目标物种的影响。尽管禁止在海上故意倾倒塑料，但并非所有渔业立法都禁止丢弃内脏中的渔具(鱼钩和钓线)，而且遵守情况往往不为人知。对在南乔治亚州收集的16年数据集的分析表明，与游荡的信天翁有关的渔具数量比任何其他物种都大一个数量级，这反映了它们更大的觅食范围和更大的差距。与其他分类群不同，与灰头信天翁有关的大多数渔具来自鱿鱼，而不是延绳钓渔业，被误认为是天然猎物，而不是直接相互作用的结果。观察到，巨型海燕和游荡信天翁的脏钩(拖绳过程中缠绕)的比率比黑眉信天翁高得多，灰头信天翁没有受到影响。信天翁游动渔具丰度指数出现两个峰值，最近一个峰值对应的是复丝(神经节)数量的大幅增加，这表明新的延绳钓系统(智利混合)的广泛采用可能是原因之一。尽管所有已查明的渔具都是海底渔具，但鉴于类似鱼钩的广泛使用，几乎不能将其分配给特定渔业。胃内容物分析表明，目前漂泊的信天翁种群每年消耗1300-2048件装备。许多鱼钩完全被雏鸟消化，其长期影响完全未知。我们建议了一些管理方法来解决丢弃齿轮的问题，并为其他地方的监测计划提供了指导方针。
Fisheries are increasingly adopting ecosystem approaches to better manage impacts on non-target species. Although deliberate dumping of plastics at sea is banned, not all fisheries legislation prohibits discarding of gear (hooks and line) in offal, and compliance is often unknown. Analysis of a 16year dataset collected at South Georgia indicated that the amount of gear found in association with wandering albatrosses was an order of magnitude greater than in any other species, reflecting their wider foraging range and larger gape. Unlike other taxa, most gear associated with grey-headed albatrosses was from squid and not longline fisheries, and mistaken for natural prey rather than the result of direct interaction. Observed rates of foul-hooking (entanglement during line-hauling) were much higher in giant petrels and wandering albatrosses than black-browed albatrosses, and no grey-headed albatross was affected. The index of wandering albatross gear abundance showed two peaks, the most recent corresponding with a substantial increase in the number of multifilament snoods (gangions), suggesting that the widespread adoption of a new longline system (Chilean mixed) may have been responsible. Although all identified gear was demersal, given the widespread use of similar hooks, little could be assigned to a specific fishery. Stomach content analysis suggested that 1300–2048 items of gear are currently consumed per annum by the wandering albatross population. Many hooks are completely digested by chicks, long-term effects of which are entirely unknown. We suggest a number of management approaches for addressing the problem of gear discarding, and guidelines for monitoring schemes elsewhere.