Tailed Frog Tadpoles Differentially Alter Their Feeding Behavior in Response to Non-Visual Cues from Four Predators
Tailed Frog Tadpoles Differentially Alter Their Feeding Behavior in Response to Non-Visual Cues from Four Predators
复制标题
尾蛙蝌蚪会根据四种捕食者的非视觉线索而不同地改变其进食行为
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Hawkins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Feminella;C. Hawkins
尾蛙（Ascaphus truei）的蝌蚪在太平洋西北部（美国和加拿大南部）的许多小的高梯度溪流中很常见，它们通常在暴露的鹅卵石上吃草。我们在华盛顿西南部的清水溪进行了实地观察和实验，以确定蝌蚪是否会减少它们的进食活动（即，从裂缝中出现以吃草的附着生物），在四种水生捕食者中的每一种释放的非视觉线索的存在下：巨大的蝾螈（Dicamptodon spp.），克氏鲑（萨尔莫），溪鳟（红点鲑），和短头杜父鱼（杜父鱼）。在没有捕食者的情况下，蝌蚪通常出现在晚上（2000-0100小时），并花费了其余的24小时的间隔隐藏在裂缝下的鹅卵石饲料。在存在的大鲵，割喉鳟鱼，和溪鳟鱼，都被限制在单独的，在原位外壳上游的蝌蚪，蝌蚪的活动减少了两个，三个，和六倍，分别与无捕食者的控制。相比之下，蝌蚪似乎无法检测上游杜父鱼。随后在实验室的消费实验表明，蝾螈，杜父鱼，和割喉鳟鱼都能够在结构简单和复杂的栖息地消耗蝌蚪。我们假设，蝌蚪无法检测到捕食性杜父鱼，这可能可以解释为什么有尾青蛙蝌蚪在杜父鱼经常丰富的低梯度溪流中基本上不存在。
Tadpoles of the tailed frog (Ascaphus truei) are common in riffles within many small, high-gradient streams of the Pacific Northwest (United States and southern Canada), where they typically graze periphyton from exposed cobbles. We conducted field observations and experiments in Clearwater Creek, southwestern Washington, to determine if tadpoles would reduce their feeding activity (i.e., emergence from crevices to graze periphyton) in the presence of non-visual cues released from each of four aquatic predators: giant salamanders (Dicamptodon spp.), cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and shorthead sculpin (Cottus confusus). In absence of predators, tadpoles usually emerged from under cobbles to feed at night (2000-0100 h), and spent the remainder of the 24-h interval hidden in crevices. In the presence of giant salamanders, cutthroat trout, and brook trout that were all confined within separate, in situ enclosures immediately upstream of tadpoles, tadpole activity was reduced two-, three-, and six-fold, respectively, compared with predator-free controls. In contrast, tadpoles appeared unable to detect upstream sculpins. Subsequent consumption experiments in the laboratory showed that salamanders, sculpins, and cutthroat trout all were capable of consuming tadpoles in both structurally simple and complex habitats. We hypothesize that the inability of tadpoles to detect predaceous sculpins may explain why tailed frog tadpoles are largely absent from lower-gradient streams where sculpins are often abundant.