Rethinking retrofit of residential heritage buildings
Rethinking retrofit of residential heritage buildings
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DOI：
10.5334/bc.94
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发表时间：
2021-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Wise;A. Moncaster;Derek Jones
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Wise;A. Moncaster;Derek Jones
提升遗产建筑能源改造的机遇和挑战是什么？遗产建筑约占英国建筑存量的20%，由于其遗产价值和传统建筑，对其进行敏感的翻新具有挑战性。因此，这些建筑物可能不利于标准的翻新方法。本文对英国的12个案例进行了研究。本文介绍了三个关键发现及其对升级改造的影响。首先，遗产居民被发现从事正能量行为，这与标准假设不同，并对能源需求产生重大影响。其次，标准能源模型被证明大大高估了遗产建筑内的能源使用，未能准确地描述传统建筑和居民的行为。第三，居民认为许多常见的翻新工程，如更换窗户和墙体隔热材料，对其遗产价值来说是不可接受的。一些更容易被接受、侵入性更小的“软改造”被模型化，并显示出在减少能源和碳排放方面的巨大潜力。因此，需要采取一种更全面的方法来翻新文物建筑，将建筑物及其使用者之间的复杂相互关系视为一个系统，并扩大翻新的概念，将软翻新和使用者行为包括在内。政策相关性这项研究确定了对遗产建筑进行适当翻新的重要性，其中包括大约20%的英国建筑存量。墙绝缘和窗户更换等标准解决方案不太可能被大多数遗产居民采用，因为它们不符合其遗产价值，这表明有必要优先考虑其他措施。标准能源模型，如简化数据标准评估程序(RdSAP)，被发现对传统建筑不准确，高估了建筑物和居住者的能源使用量，不应用于为这些建筑的翻新决定提供参考。翻新的概念应扩大到改变织物之外，包括行为改变和非技术性措施，包括隔热窗帘或百叶窗，这些措施更容易为居民接受，因此更有可能采取行动。在遗产建筑中进行高档翻新是有潜力的，但方法必须考虑特定的用户行为，并将建筑物及其居住者视为相互关联的系统。
What are the opportunities and challenges for upscaling the energy retrofit of heritage buildings? Heritage buildings comprise approximately 20% of the UK building stock and are challenging to retrofit sensitively because of their heritage values and traditional construction. These buildings may therefore be unconducive to standard retrofitting approaches. Twelve case studies in the UK are examined. Three key findings are presented together with their implications for upscaling retrofit. First, heritage residents are found to engage in positive energy behaviours, which differ from standard assumptions and have a significant impact on energy demand. Second, standard energy models are shown to considerably overestimate the energy use within heritage buildings, failing to accurately portray both traditional construction and residents’ behaviours. Third, residents consider many common retrofits, such as replacement windows and wall insulation, to be unacceptable to their heritage values. A number of more acceptable and less invasive ‘soft retrofits’ were modelled and shown to have significant potential for reducing energy and carbon. Therefore, a more holistic approach to heritage building retrofitting needs to be taken, treating the complex interrelationship of buildings and their users as a system, and expanding notions of retrofitting to include soft retrofits and user behaviour. Policy relevance This research identified the importance of appropriately retrofitting heritage buildings, which include around 20% of the UK building stock. Standard solutions such as wall insulation and window replacement are unlikely to be enacted by most heritage residents because they are not acceptable to their heritage values, suggesting the need to prioritise other measures. Standard energy models such as Reduced data Standard Assessment Procedure (RdSAP) were found to be inaccurate for heritage buildings, overestimating energy use by both buildings and occupants, and should not be used to inform retrofit decisions for these buildings. Notions of retrofit should be expanded beyond fabric alterations to include behavioural changes and non-technical measures, including thermal curtains or shutters, which are more acceptable to residents and therefore more likely to be actioned. The potential exists to upscale retrofitting in heritage buildings, but approaches must consider specific user behaviour and view buildings and their occupants as interconnected systems.