Nonlinear, dissipative phenomena in whole blood clot mechanics
Nonlinear, dissipative phenomena in whole blood clot mechanics
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DOI：
10.1039/d0sm01317j
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发表时间：
2020-11-21
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Rausch, Manuel K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sugerman, Gabriella P.;Parekh, Sapun H.;Rausch, Manuel K.
当血栓脱落并形成栓塞时，它会阻塞重要的血管，例如心脏、肺或大脑的血管。这些血栓栓塞性疾病导致全球四分之一的死亡。血栓对栓塞的抵抗力是由其固有的断裂韧性以及其他非表面形成的耗散机制驱动的。在我们目前的工作中，我们识别并量化了后一种机制，以供将来的研究使用，这些研究旨在将断裂与其他形式的耗散区分开来。为此，我们使用体外血栓模拟系统来产生全血凝块，并探索其在简单单轴延伸、循环加载和应力松弛下的耗散力学。我们发现全血凝块表现出类穆林斯效应、滞后、永久变形、应变率依赖性和非线性应力松弛。有趣的是，我们发现在干燥或水下条件下进行这些测试并没有改变我们的结果。然而，在室温或体温条件下进行这些测试会产生差异。重要的是，因为我们使用静脉血，所以我们的工作与体内静脉血栓最为密切相关。总的来说，我们已经证明全血凝块表现出几种耗散现象（类似于水凝胶），这对于我们理解血栓栓塞至关重要。
When a thrombus breaks off and embolizes it can occlude vital vessels such as those of the heart, lung, or brain. These thromboembolic conditions are responsible for 1 in 4 deaths worldwide. Thrombus resistance to embolization is driven by its intrinsic fracture toughness as well as other, non-surface-creating dissipative mechanisms. In our current work, we identify and quantify these latter mechanisms toward future studies that aim to delineate fracture from other forms of dissipation. To this end, we use an in vitro thrombus mimic system to produce whole blood clots and explore their dissipative mechanics under simple uniaxial extension, cyclic loading, and stress-relaxation. We found that whole blood clots exhibit Mullins-like effect, hysteresis, permanent set, strain-rate dependence, and nonlinear stress-relaxation. Interestingly, we found that performing these tests under dry or submerged conditions did not change our results. However, performing these tests under room temperature or body temperature conditions yielded differences. Importantly, because we use venous blood our work is most closely related to venous in vivo blood clots. Overall, we have demonstrated that whole blood clots show several dissipative phenomena - similarly to hydrogels - that will be critical to our understanding of thrombus embolization.