Cytokines in aging and muscle homeostasis.
Cytokines in aging and muscle homeostasis.
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衰老和肌肉稳态中的细胞因子。
DOI：
10.1093/gerona/50a.special_issue.120
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Cannon,JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cannon,JG
细胞因子最为人所知的是作为宿主对感染和其他环境应激的防御反应的介质。然而，这些蛋白质（白细胞介素-1和肿瘤坏死因子）中的一些可能会调节骨骼肌损伤后的清除和修复过程，而其他蛋白质（成纤维细胞生长因子和血小板衍生生长因子）可能与肌细胞的持续活力有关。肌肉修复和活力还需要神经元接触（受神经生长因子和睫状神经营养因子的影响）以及血管生成和结缔组织基质形成（受转化生长因子（i）的影响）。成功的肌肉老化将部分取决于肌肉在受损后的自我修复程度。这不仅包括明显的损伤，还包括日常的“磨损”，这些磨损可能不会通过疼痛或功能改变来感知。肌肉质量或功能的损伤可能是不完全修复反复发作的累积结果。衰老细胞对细胞因子的异常产生或敏感性可能导致肌肉质量和功能的这些变化。在创伤后的最初几分钟或几小时内发生的立即反应可以包括止血、产生炎症刺激、血管舒张、血管通透性和中性粒细胞浸润。在较长的时间范围内（数小时至数天），巨噬细胞浸润受损部位并分泌称为细胞因子的肽生长因子（大多数在10 - 30 kDa之间）。巨噬细胞的吞噬能力和某些细胞因子的蛋白水解活性促进病原体和受损组织的清除。此外，体外和体内研究均表明，几种细胞因子对组织修复所需的细胞增殖、蛋白质合成、血管生成和神经元重塑具有深远的影响。(For关于细胞因子对肌肉生长和功能的影响的更详细的综述[Cannon，1993]）。本章将回顾细胞因子调节修复过程的能力，并讨论衰老细胞产生或响应相关细胞因子的能力改变导致修复不完全的假设，并可能导致与年龄相关的肌肉质量或功能下降。细胞因子的影响可以是相当显著的：单次静脉内剂量的转化生长因子-β（TGF β（i））可以完全逆转与年龄相关的伤口愈合损伤（Beck等人，1993年）。
Cytokines are best known as mediators of host defense responses to infection and other environmental stresses. However, some of these proteins (interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor) may modulate clearance and repair processes in skeletal muscle following injury, and others (fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor) may be involved with the sustained viability of muscle cells. Muscle repair and vitality also require neuronal contact (influenced by nerve growth factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor) as well as angiogenesis and connective tissue matrix formation (influenced by transforming growth factor (i). Successful muscle aging will depend in part on how well a muscle repairs itself after damage. This includes not only overt injury, but also the daily" wear and tear" that may not be perceived via pain or alterations in function. Age-related loss of muscle mass or function may be the cumulative result of repeated episodes of incomplete repair. Abnormal production or sensitivity to cytokines by aged cells may contribute to these changes in muscle mass and function.ASEQUENCE of stereotyped events occurs following injury. Immediate responses, taking place in the first minutes or hours following the trauma, can include hemostasis, generation of inflammatory stimuli, vasodilation, vasopermeability, and infiltration of neutrophils. Over a longer time frame (hours to days), macrophages infiltrate the damaged site and secrete peptide growth factors (most between 10-30 kDa) known as cytokines. The phagocytic capabilities of macrophages and the proteolytic activities of certain cytokines promote clearance of pathogens and damaged tissue. In addition, both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that several cytokines have profound effects on the cellular proliferation, protein synthesis, angiogenesis, and neuronal remodeling required for tissue repair.(For additional information, a more detailed review of the influence of cytokines on muscle growth and function is available [Cannon, 1993]). This chapter will review the ability of cytokines to modulate repair processes and address the hypothesis that an altered ability of aged cells to either produce or respond to relevant cytokines leads to incomplete repair, and may contribute to age-associated declines in muscle mass or function. The influence of cytokines can be quite dramatic: a single intravenous dose of transforming growth factor-fi (TGF (i) can completely reverse age-associated impairment of wound healing (Beck et al., 1993).