Diversity among Stylosanthes species: habitat, edaphic and agro-climatic affinities leading to cultivar development.
Diversity among Stylosanthes species: habitat, edaphic and agro-climatic affinities leading to cultivar development.
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发表时间：
2009-07
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
A. Chandra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Chandra
自70年代初柱花草（Stylosanthes）被引入印度以来，人们对其进行了广泛的评价和适应。然而，有限的种质资源和狭窄的遗传基础是其广泛适应的主要障碍。近年来，从澳大利亚、哥伦比亚、巴西和埃塞俄比亚引进了一些新的改良种质，包括新鉴定的物种、栽培品种和育种材料，并在选定的中心在不同的农业气候条件下对它们进行了评价，改善了现有的情况，因为许多品系包括S. scabra RRR和新引进种S. seabrana在各种农业气候区显示出巨大的前景。由于澳大利亚国际农业研究中心（ACIAR）最近完成的柱花草项目和80年代初的背景研究的共同努力，柱花草被认为是最重要的热带豆科植物，不仅可以提高土壤肥力，而且还可以提供营养饲料。两个种即S. hamata和S.疥疮在很大程度上为牛、布法罗、山羊和绵羊提供饲料。作为一种固氮豆科植物，植物有助于补充土壤养分时，用于草地农业，混合和间作系统。由于新推出的S.在重粘土和龟裂土壤类型中，具有高幼苗活力、高营养参数和较好的雨养适应性的海蛙种。它提供了良好的叶片和直立和低粘性的性质表明，混合种植的兼容性。结果还表明，所有四个主要品种在第一年的产量合理，最终在第二年的增长。在S. hamata和S. viscosa），而另外两个种S. scabra和S. seabrana连续几年增产。
Since the introduction of Stylosanthes, a range legume, in India in early seventies extensive efforts have been made for its evaluation and adaptation. However limited germplasm and narrow genetic base were major impediments in its wider adaptations. Of late, introduction of several new improved germplasm including newly identified species, cultivars and bred materials from Australia, Colombia, Brazil and Ethiopia and their evaluation at selected centers under different agro-climatic conditions improved the existing scenario as many lines including S. scabra RRR as well as newly introduced species S. seabrana has shown great promise for diverse agro-climatic zones. Because of concerted efforts which was largely generated from the recently concluded Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) stylo project and background study during the period of early eighties Stylosanthes has been considered as the most important tropical legume which not only improve the soil fertility but also provide nutritive forage. Two species namely S. hamata and S. scabra largely contribute to the supply of forages for cattle, buffalo, goats and sheep. As a nitrogen fixing legume, the plant helps replenish soil nutrients when used in ley farming, mixed and inter-cropping systems. The scenario has largely changed due to the better performance of newly introduced S. seabrana species which possessed high seedling vigour high nutritional parameters and better adaptation under rain-fed situations in heavy clay and cracking soil types. It provides good foliage and being erect and low sticky in nature showed compatibility for mixed cropping. Results also demonstrated reasonable yield in first year by all four major species which ultimately geared up in second year of growth. This was stable in S. hamata and S. viscosa for another two years whereas other two species namely S. scabra and S. seabrana indicated enhanced yield in consecutive years.