Plant phospholipid signaling: "in a nutshell"
Plant phospholipid signaling: "in a nutshell"
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DOI：
10.1194/jlr.r800098-jlr200
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Testerink, Christa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Munnik, Teun;Testerink, Christa
自从在动物系统中发现磷脂酰肌醇/磷脂酶C（PI/PLC）系统以来，我们知道磷脂不仅仅是生物膜的结构组分。一开始，这个想法相当简单。受体刺激激活PLC，PLC水解磷脂酰肌醇4，5-二磷酸[ PtdIns（4，5）P-2]成两个第二信使：肌醇1，4，5-三磷酸（InsP（3））和二酰基甘油（DG）。当InsP（3）分散到胞质溶胶中并通过配体门控钙通道触发钙从内部储存释放时，DG保留在膜中，在那里它招募并激活PKC家族的成员。钙的增加，加上磷酸化状态的改变，激活了各种蛋白质靶点，导致大规模的重编程，使细胞能够适当地响应细胞外刺激。后来，很明显，不仅PLC，而且各种其他磷脂代谢酶被激活，包括磷脂酶A，磷脂酶D和PI 3-激酶。最近，PtdIns 4P和PtdIns（4，5）P-2不仅是信号前体，而且本身也可以作为信号分子发挥作用。jlr虽然植物含有上述大部分成分，并且它们在细胞信号传导中的作用的证据逐渐增加，但植物和哺乳动物范例之间存在主要差异。下面，这些都被描述为“在一个简单的。“Munnik，T.，和C. Testerink。植物磷脂信号：“简而言之。". J. Lipid Res. 2009. S260-S265。
Since the discovery of the phosphoinositide/phospholipase C (PI/PLC) system in animal systems, we know that phospholipids are much more then just structural components of biological membranes. In the beginning, this idea was fairly straightforward. Receptor stimulation activates PLC, which hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol4,5-bisphosphate [ PtdIns( 4,5) P-2] into two second messengers: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP(3)) and diacylglycerol (DG). While InsP(3) difuses into the cytosol and triggers the release of calcium from an internal store via ligand-gated calcium channels, DG remains in the membrane where it recruits and activates members of the PKC family. The increase in calcium, together with the change in phosphorylation status, ( in) activates a variety of protein targets, leading to a massive reprogramming, allowing the cell to appropriately respond to the extracellular stimulus. Later, it became obvious that not just PLC, but a variety of other phospholipid-metabolizing enzymes were activated, including phospholipase A, phospholipase D, and PI 3-kinase. More recently, it has become apparent that PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P-2 are not just signal precursors but can also function as signaling molecules themselves. jlr While plants contain most of the components described above, and evidence for their role in cell signaling is progressively increasing, major differences between plants and the mammalian paradigms exist. Below, these are described "in a nutshell." Munnik, T., and C. Testerink. Plant phospholipid signaling: "in a nutshell.". J. Lipid Res. 2009. S260-S265.