The first smile: spontaneous smiles in newborn Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)
The first smile: spontaneous smiles in newborn Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)
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DOI：
10.1007/s10329-016-0558-7
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发表时间：
2016-08
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Fumito Kawakami;M. Tomonaga;J. Suzuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fumito Kawakami;M. Tomonaga;J. Suzuki
自发性微笑是一种面部运动，其特征是在不规则睡眠或困倦时发生的嘴角抬起，没有已知的外部或内部原因。人类婴儿和黑猩猩婴儿都有这种现象。这些微笑被认为是微笑和笑声的发展起源。有一些案例研究表明，自发的微笑发生在日本猕猴。本研究的目的是探讨新生日本猕猴是否表现出相当数量的自发微笑，从而探讨其机制。7只新生日本猕猴在一个房间里观察了平均44分钟，偶然的睡眠情况进行了两次监测。在观察过程中，所有七名参与者都至少有一次自发的微笑。他们平均表现出8.29个自发的微笑（SD = 10.89;总共58个微笑），都出现在快速眼动睡眠状态。在58个微笑中，有39个是在嘴巴的左侧。这些特征与人类婴儿自发微笑的特征相似。这是第一个证据表明猕猴和类人猿一样显示出相当数量的自发微笑。这些现象可能促进了与类似微笑的面部表情有关的下颌大肌的发育。
Spontaneous smiles are facial movements that are characterized by lip corner raises that occur during irregular sleep or drowsiness without known external or internal causes. They are shown by human infants and infant chimpanzees. These smiles are considered to be the developmental origin of smiling and laughter. There are some case studies showing that spontaneous smiles occur in Japanese macaques. The goals of this study were to investigate whether newborn Japanese macaques show a considerable number of spontaneous smiles thus to examine the mechanism of them. Seven newborn Japanese macaques were observed in a room for an average of 44 min, and incidental sleeping situations were monitored twice. All seven participants showed spontaneous smiles at least once during the observation. They showed 8.29 spontaneous smiles in average (SD = 10.89; 58 smiles in total), all found in the state of REM sleep. Thirty-nine of the 58 smiles were produced on the left side of the mouth. These characteristics were similar to those of spontaneous smiles in human infants. This is the first evidence that macaques as well as hominoids show a considerable number of spontaneous smiles. These phenomena may facilitate the development of the zygomaticus major muscle, which is implicated in smiling-like facial expressions.