Engaging with the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing: recommendations for noncommercial biodiversity researchers
Engaging with the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing: recommendations for noncommercial biodiversity researchers
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DOI：
10.1093/jmammal/gyac122
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发表时间：
2023-06-06
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Lessa，Enrique P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Colella，Jocelyn P.;Silvestri，Luciana;Lessa，Enrique P.
《生物多样性公约》和《关于获取和惠益分享的名古屋议定书》提供了一个国际法律的框架，旨在防止盗用一国的遗传资源，并确保公正和公平地分享利用遗传资源所产生的惠益。该立法是应低收入、生物多样性国家的要求谈判制定的，以确保其管辖范围内遗传资源的研究和开发所产生的惠益得到公平回报，从而激励生物多样性的养护和可持续利用。然而，尽管有良好的意愿，但在国家一级迅速采取获取和惠益分享措施，往往没有参与性战略规划，阻碍了非商业性的国际合作遗传研究，对生物多样性的保护和可持续利用产生了适得其反的后果。我们概述了目前生物多样性公约和名古屋议定书的实施如何影响非商业性研究，如在生物学，包括哺乳动物学的许多学科进行。我们使用来自巴西的案例研究，一个早期采用者，来说明当前的一些挑战，并强调新兴病原体研究和公共卫生的下游后果。大多数新出现的病原体从非人类哺乳动物定居或跳跃到人类，但潜在的商业应用使人畜共患病的非商业研究变得复杂。最后，我们确定了积极主动的方式，为哺乳动物学社区参与《生物多样性公约》和《名古屋议定书》，通过分享非货币利益和与当地自然历史收藏工作。利用国际科学协会向决策者集体传达生物多样性科学的需求，对于确保为非商业研究谈判适当的便利条件至关重要。
The Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing provide an international legal framework that aims to prevent misappropriation of the genetic resources of a country and ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their use. The legislation was negotiated at the behest of lower-income, biodiverse countries to ensure that benefits derived from research and development of genetic resources from within their jurisdictions were equitably returned and could thereby incentivize conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Despite good intentions, however, rapid adoption of access and benefit-sharing measures at the national level, often without participatory strategic planning, has hampered noncommercial, international collaborative genetic research with counterproductive consequences for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use. We outline how current implementation of the Convention of Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol affect noncommercial research, such as that conducted in many disciplines in biology, including mammalogy. We use a case study from Brazil, an early adopter, to illustrate some current challenges and highlight downstream consequences for emerging pathogen research and public health. Most emerging pathogens colonize or jump to humans from nonhuman mammals, but noncommercial research in zoonotic diseases is complicated by potential commercial applications. Last, we identify proactive ways for the mammalogical community to engage with the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol, through sharing of nonmonetary benefits and working with local natural history collections. Leveraging international scientific societies to collectively communicate the needs of biodiversity science to policy makers will be critical to ensuring that appropriate accommodations are negotiated for noncommercial research.