Marine heat waves, climate change, and failed spawning by coastal invertebrates
Marine heat waves, climate change, and failed spawning by coastal invertebrates
复制标题
海洋热浪、气候变化和沿海无脊椎动物产卵失败
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
R. Emlet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Shanks;L. Rasmuson;Jenna R Valley;Marley Jarvis;Carly Salant;D. Sutherland;Eleanor I. Lamont;MacKenna A. H. Hainey;R. Emlet
为了调查沿海无脊椎动物冬季产卵的时间和强度，我们对 2014 年 1 月至 3 月（79 天）、2015 年（73 天）和 2016 年（74 天）每日时间序列收集的浮游生物样本中的胚胎进行了计数。样本是在俄勒冈州库斯湾河口附近采集的。我们列举了数百种形态不同的胚胎和幼虫，代表至少五个门。四十三种胚胎类型足够丰富（时间序列中的丰度 > 500），足以进行统计分析。使用基因条形码鉴定了其中二十种类型，其中有四种纽虫、四种腹足动物、四种石鳖、五种多毛类和两种棘皮动物。 2014 年冬季，水文条件与平均历史值相似。 2015 年和 2016 年的特点是海洋热浪 (MHW)。 2015年，“暖团”——东北太平洋异常温暖的海水——影响了气候，2016年出现了强烈的厄尔尼诺现象。 2015年和2016年，冬季产卵强度比2014年低几个数量级，许多类群未能产卵（2015年和2016年分别为11个和24个）；产卵似乎受到了 MHW 的不利影响。 2015年的重灾区被归因于人为的全球气候变化，而2016年的厄尔尼诺现象可能因气候变化而加强。随着全球变暖，MHW 的频率、强度和持续时间预计将急剧增加，这可能会对许多海洋类群的繁殖和补充产生不利影响。
To investigate the timing and intensity of winter spawning by coastal invertebrates, we enumerated embryos in plankton samples collected in daily time series from January to March of 2014 (79 d), 2015 (73 d), and 2016 (74 d). Samples were collected near the mouth of the Coos Bay estuary in Oregon. We enumerated several hundred different morphologically distinct types of embryos and larvae representing at least five phyla. Forty‐three embryo types were abundant enough (abundance > 500 over the time series) to enable statistical analysis. Twenty of these types were identified using genetic barcoding of which there were four nemerteans, four gastropods, four chitons, five polychaetes, and two echinoderms. In winter 2014, hydrographic conditions were similar to average historical values. Conditions in 2015 and 2016 were characterized by marine heat waves (MHWs). In 2015, the “warm blob”—anomalously warm water in the Northeastern Pacific—affected conditions and in 2016, there was a strong El Niño. In 2015 and 2016, winter spawning intensity was orders of magnitude lower than in 2014 and many taxa failed to spawn (11 and 24 in 2015 and 2016, respectively); spawning appears to have been adversely impacted by the MHWs. The MHW of 2015 has been attributed to anthropogenic global climate change while the 2016 El Niño may have been strengthened by climate change. The frequency, intensity, and duration of MHW are projected to increase dramatically with global warming, which may adversely affect reproduction and recruitment by numerous marine taxa.