First glimpse into the origin and spread of the Asian longhorned tick,Haemaphysalis longicornis,in the United States
First glimpse into the origin and spread of the Asian longhorned tick,Haemaphysalis longicornis,in the United States
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DOI：
10.1111/zph.12743
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发表时间：
2020-07-07
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Fonseca, Dina M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Egizi, Andrea;Bulaga-Seraphin, Leslie;Fonseca, Dina M.
2017年，通过对线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I （cox1）“条形码”位点进行测序，并进行形态学确认，首次在美国发现了亚洲长角蜱（ALT）——长角血蜱（Haemaphysalis longicornis）的已建立种群。随后的调查在美国东部的12个州发现了ALT感染。为了获得美国ALT的起源和传播信息，我们(1)从美国9个州的ALT人群中测序了edcox1，(2)通过测序和下载NCBI GenBank中公开的序列，从潜在来源人群[中国、日本和韩国（ROK）以及澳大利亚、新西兰和汤加王国（KOT）]中获得了edcox1序列。此外，我们对新泽西州亨特顿县最初发现地点附近的房产进行了流行病学调查，并对该地区输入外寄生虫进行了更广泛的风险分析。在东亚人群（中国/日本/韩国）中，我们检测到35cox1单倍型，这些单倍型整齐地聚集在两个已知的双性和孤雌表型分支中。在澳大利亚/新西兰/KOT，我们检测到10cox1单倍型都属于孤雌群集。在美国，我们从孤雌生殖集群中检测到三种不同分布的cox1单倍型，支持US ALT是孤雌生殖的表型证据。虽然没有一个被检测的源人群具有所有三种uscox1单倍型，但系统地理网络分析支持美国人群的东北亚来源。在美国，流行病学调查表明，ALT可以通过人类运输动物（如马和狗）进行长距离传播，野生动物的传播规模较小。这些结果对旨在尽量减少ALT在美国的传播和防止外来蜱虫引入的努力具有相关意义。
Established populations of Asian longhorned ticks (ALT),Haemaphysalis longicornis, were first identified in the United States (US) in 2017 by sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) 'barcoding' locus followed by morphological confirmation. Subsequent investigations detected ALT infestations in 12, mostly eastern, US states. To gain information on the origin and spread of US ALT, we (1) sequencedcox1from ALT populations across 9 US states and (2) obtainedcox1sequences from potential source populations [China, Japan and Republic of Korea (ROK) as well as Australia, New Zealand and the Kingdom of Tonga (KOT)] both by sequencing and by downloading publicly available sequences in NCBI GenBank. Additionally, we conducted epidemiological investigations of properties near its initial detection locale in Hunterdon County, NJ, as well as a broader risk analysis for importation of ectoparasites into the area. In eastern Asian populations (China/Japan/ROK), we detected 35cox1haplotypes that neatly clustered into two clades with known bisexual versus parthenogenetic phenotypes. In Australia/New Zealand/KOT, we detected 10cox1haplotypes all falling within the parthenogenetic cluster. In the United States, we detected three differentially distributedcox1haplotypes from the parthenogenetic cluster, supporting phenotypic evidence that US ALT are parthenogenetic. While none of the source populations examined had all three UScox1haplotypes, a phylogeographic network analysis supports a northeast Asian source for the US populations. Within the United States, epidemiological investigations indicate ALT can be moved long distances by human transport of animals, such as horses and dogs, with smaller scale movements on wildlife. These results have relevant implications for efforts aimed at minimizing the spread of ALT in the United States and preventing additional exotic tick introductions.