The ITER vacuum systems
The ITER vacuum systems
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ITER 真空系统
DOI：
10.1088/1742-6596/114/1/012013
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Murdoch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Day;D. Murdoch
热核实验堆是一个大型真空设施，由许多服务、诊断和监测真空子系统以及三个用于抽空和维持所需压力水平的大型低温泵送系统组成。气体吞吐量的控制是影响聚变堆性能和可实现燃烧时间的关键问题之一。主要的泵送系统有环形排气泵、用于等离子体加热的中性束注入系统的低温泵和用于ITER低温恒温器的低温泵。所有定制的冷冻吸附泵都是用超临界氦强制冷却的，并共享类似的冷冻吸附泵板的模块化设计。对于低温泵的再生以及运行前系统体积的粗化，使用了四套相同的前泵机组。本文件将侧重于热核实验堆真空系统领域，这些领域需要定制开发，不能依赖商业解决方案。这些复杂的泵是为热核实验堆非常具体的应用和要求量身定做的，特别是需要与氚兼容。概述了为ITER低温泵提出合理设计所需的发展道路。开发的最终目的是制造1：1比例的原型，这些原型将在专用测试设施中进行广泛测试，以确保与所有设计要求兼容。
ITER is a large vacuum facility which comprises many service, diagnostic and monitoring vacuum sub-systems as well as three large cryogenic pumping systems for evacuation and maintenance of the required pressure levels. Control of the gas throughput is one of the key issues affecting the performance and achievable burn time of a fusion reactor. The main pumping systems are the torus exhaust pumping, the cryopumps for the neutral beam injection systems for plasma heating, and the cryopumps for the ITER cryostat. All customized cryosorption pumps are force-cooled with supercritical helium and share a similar modular design of cryosorption pumping panels. For regeneration of the cryopumps as well as for roughing down the system volumes prior to operation, four identical sets of forepump trains are used. This paper will focus on the areas of the ITER vacuum systems which require customized developments and cannot rely on commercial solutions. The complex pumps have been tailored for the very specific applications and requirements at ITER, especially characterised by the need to be tritium compatible. An outline of the development path which was needed to come up with a sound design for the ITER cryopumps is given. The way of development is culminating in the manufacturing of 1:1 scale prototypes, which will be extensively tested in dedicated test facilities to ensure compatibility with all design requirements.