Overview and Historical Perspectives.
Overview and Historical Perspectives.
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DOI：
10.1128/microbiolspec.ehec-0028-2014
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发表时间：
2014-12
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
O'Brien AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaper JB;O'Brien AD
在这篇综述中，我们描述了两个阶段的滋贺毒素（Stx）产生的大肠杆菌（STEC）的历史。在第一阶段，1977年至2011年，我们了解到E。大肠杆菌能产生滋贺毒素，引起人类出血性结肠炎和溶血性尿毒症综合征。coli O 157：H7-通过与肠致病性E.杆菌我们还认识到，Stx的基因通常在溶源性噬菌体上编码; STEC O 157：H7具有一个大的致病性岛，编码特征性附着和消除病变所需的元件;最严重的人类疾病病例与Stx 2a型的产生有关，而不是Stx 1a型。第二阶段始于2011年德国发生的大规模食源性出血性结肠炎和溶血性尿毒症综合征爆发。这次爆发是由一种新的菌株引起的，该菌株由肠聚集性E。coli O 104：H4转化Stx 2a噬菌体。从这次爆发中我们了解到，任何E。大肠杆菌菌株，可以紧紧地粘附在人体肠道（无论是通过生物膜样机制，如在大肠杆菌。coliO 104：H4或通过如在E.大肠杆菌O 157：H7）在获得产生Stx 2a的能力时可引起严重的肠道和全身性疾病。本综述为审查这些迷人而复杂的病原体的当前信息提供了基础。
In this overview, we describe the history of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in two phases. In phase one, between 1977 and 2011, we learned that E. coli could produce Shiga toxin and cause both hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans and that the prototype STEC—E. coli O157:H7—adheres to and effaces intestinal epithelial cells by a mechanism similar to that of enteropathogenic E. coli. We also recognized that the genes for Stx are typically encoded on a lysogenic phage; that STEC O157:H7 harbors a large pathogenicity island that encodes the elements needed for the characteristic attaching and effacing lesion; and that the most severe cases of human disease are linked to production of Stx type 2a, not Stx type 1a. Phase two began with a large food-borne outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Germany in 2011. That outbreak was caused by a novel strain consisting of enteroaggregative E. coli O104:H4 transduced by a Stx2a-converting phage. From this outbreak we learned that any E. coli strain that can adhere tightly to the human bowel (either by a biofilm-like mechanism as in E. coli O104:H4 or by an attaching and effacing mechanism as in E. coli O157:H7) can cause severe diarrheal and systemic illness when it acquires the capacity to produce Stx2a. This overview provides the basis for the review of current information regarding these fascinating and complex pathogens.