Permittivity of Ice at Radio Frequencies: Part II. Artificial and Natural Polycrystalline Ice

Permittivity of Ice at Radio Frequencies: Part II. Artificial and Natural Polycrystalline Ice
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射频下冰的介电常数:第二部分人造和天然多晶冰

DOI:
10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.05.010
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
4.1
通讯作者:
Wagner
Wagner
中科院分区:
工程技术3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bohleber;Wagner

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精确了解冰的介电常数的绝对值和频率依赖关系是解释冰川和冰盖上无线电回波探测数据的基础。然而,在无线电频率范围内,直接测量介电常数的数据是稀疏的,并且部分缺乏不确定性估计。在这里,我们提出了利用同轴传输线单元在10MHz至1.5GHz范围内进行频率相关测量的方法获得的人工和天然冰样品的新结果。在- 20°C时,对细胞内超纯水培养的8个人工冰样品的测量结果表明,相对介电常数实部平均值为3.18±0.01。色散的唯一证据是在低于10MHz的频率下检测到的,可能归因于德拜型弛豫行为。对人工冰样品晶体取向的研究表明,c轴主要平行于细胞内的电场,并可以计算出具有代表性的各向同性晶体取向值为3.16±0.01。对掺酸人工冰的测量表明,实部与酸度呈线性关系,梯度为(21.1±3.9)[1/M]。高高山冰川天然雪和冰样品的相对介电常数实部在密度为0.515g/cm3时为2.02 ~ 0.875g/cm3时为3.08。现在,在阿尔卑斯铁芯上使用目前的装置进行准连续测量是可能的,其分辨率取决于同轴电池的长度,可以与已建立的介电剖面方法直接比较。
Precise knowledge of the absolute value and frequency dependence of the dielectric permittivity of ice is the basis for interpretation of radio echo sounding data on glaciers and ice sheets. However, in the range of radio-frequencies, data from direct measurements of the permittivity are sparse, and partially lacking uncertainty estimates. Here, we present new results for artificial and natural ice samples obtained by means of frequency-dependent measurements from 10MHz to 1.5GHz with a coaxial transmission line cell. Measurements on eight artificial ice samples grown from ultra-pure water within the cell yield a mean value for the real part of the relative permittivity of 3.18±0.01 at −20°C. Sole evidence for dispersion is detected for frequencies below 10MHz, possibly attributed to the Debye-type relaxation behavior. Investigation of the crystal orientation of the artificial ice samples reveals the c-axes to be predominantly parallel to the electric field inside the cell and allows to calculate a value representative for isotropic crystal orientation of 3.16±0.01. Measurements on acid-doped artificial ice show a linear dependence of the real part with acidity with a gradient of (21.1±3.9) [1/M]. The real part of the relative permittivity of natural firn and ice samples from a high Alpine glacier range from 2.02 at a density of 0.515g/cm3to 3.08 at 0.875g/cm3. Quasi-continuous measurements with the present setup on an alpine firn core are now possible, with resolution depending on the coaxial cell's length, for direct comparison with the established dielectric profiling method.
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