Phylogeography of ninespine sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius) in North America: glacial refugia and the origins of adaptive traits
Phylogeography of ninespine sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius) in North America: glacial refugia and the origins of adaptive traits
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04801.x
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Shapiro, Michael D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aldenhoven, Jaclyn T.;Miller, Matthew A.;Shapiro, Michael D.
九棘鱼（Pungitius pungitius）目前的地理分布在很大程度上是由更新世（2.6 Mya-10 Kya）的冰川事件形成的。以前的努力，以阐明在北美九棘鱼的地理历史集中在一组有限的形态特征，其中一些可能是广泛的趋同进化，从而可能掩盖种群之间的关系。在这项研究中，我们使用线粒体DNA（mtDNA）序列和核微卫星标记的遗传信息，以确定九刺鱼种群之间的系统发育关系。我们发现，北美的九刺鱼可能是从至少三个冰川避难所--密西西比、白令和大西洋避难所--而不是像以前认为的两个避难所扩散开来的。然而，通过将分子钟应用于我们的mtDNA数据，我们发现这三个群体在最近的冰川期之前很久就分化了。我们的新的遗传学作为一个关键的框架，检查在这个物种中的衍生性状的进化，包括适应性表型，在不同的谱系中进化多次。特别是，我们推断，骨盆（后鳍）骨架的损失可能独立进化的人口下降的三个假定的北美避难所。
The current geographical distribution of the ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) was shaped in large part by the glaciation events of the Pleistocene epoch (2.6 Mya-10 Kya). Previous efforts to elucidate the phylogeographical history of the ninespine stickleback in North America have focused on a limited set of morphological traits, some of which are likely subject to widespread convergent evolution, thereby potentially obscuring relationships among populations. In this study, we used genetic information from both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences and nuclear microsatellite markers to determine the phylogenetic relationships among ninespine stickleback populations. We found that ninespine sticklebacks in North America probably dispersed from at least three glacial refugia-the Mississippi, Bering, and Atlantic refugia-not two as previously thought. However, by applying a molecular clock to our mtDNA data, we found that these three groups diverged long before the most recent glacial period. Our new phylogeny serves as a critical framework for examining the evolution of derived traits in this species, including adaptive phenotypes that evolved multiple times in different lineages. In particular, we inferred that loss of the pelvic (hind fin) skeleton probably evolved independently in populations descended from each of the three putative North American refugia.