Entorrhizomycota: A New Fungal Phylum Reveals New Perspectives on the Evolution of Fungi.
Entorrhizomycota: A New Fungal Phylum Reveals New Perspectives on the Evolution of Fungi.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0128183
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Begerow D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bauer R;Garnica S;Oberwinkler F;Riess K;Weiß M;Begerow D
肠根菌是一种小型真菌属，由14种真菌组成，它们都在苏科和菊科植物的根上引起瘿瘤。虽然这个属是在130年前建立的，但关于这个神秘分类群的系统发育关系和生物学的关键问题仍然没有答案。为了对肠根菌的系统发育位置做出可靠的假设，并评价其进化趋势，我们分析了肠根菌的多个基因序列和形态特征，并与真菌中各自的发现进行了比较。在我们全面的五基因分析中，enterrhiza作为一个高度支持的单系谱系出现，代表了Dikarya其余部分的姐妹群，这是一个系统发育定位，但得到了中等最大似然和最大简约引导支持。以肠菌属与担子菌属为单系类群为约束条件的最大似然树不能被拒绝。根据第一种系统发育假说，肠菌的端孢子四分体代表了重核减数孢子囊的原型。隔孔结构、细胞壁和纺锤杆体的相似性支持了另一种假设。根据肠根菌的分离系统发育位置及其与超微结构和繁殖方式相关的特殊组合特征，我们提出了肠根菌属（Entorrhizomycota）的新门，它代表了一个明显分布广泛的不显眼的真菌群。
Entorrhiza is a small fungal genus comprising 14 species that all cause galls on roots of Cyperaceae and Juncaceae. Although this genus was established 130 years ago, crucial questions on the phylogenetic relationships and biology of this enigmatic taxon are still unanswered. In order to infer a robust hypothesis about the phylogenetic position of Entorrhiza and to evaluate evolutionary trends, multiple gene sequences and morphological characteristics of Entorrhiza were analyzed and compared with respective findings in Fungi. In our comprehensive five-gene analyses Entorrhiza appeared as a highly supported monophyletic lineage representing the sister group to the rest of the Dikarya, a phylogenetic placement that received but moderate maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony bootstrap support. An alternative maximum likelihood tree with the constraint that Entorrhiza forms a monophyletic group with Basidiomycota could not be rejected. According to the first phylogenetic hypothesis, the teliospore tetrads of Entorrhiza represent the prototype of the dikaryan meiosporangium. The alternative hypothesis is supported by similarities in septal pore structure, cell wall and spindle pole bodies. Based on the isolated phylogenetic position of Entorrhiza and its peculiar combination of features related to ultrastructure and reproduction mode, we propose a new phylum Entorrhizomycota, for the genus Entorrhiza, which represents an apparently widespread group of inconspicuous fungi.