Causes of live strandings of northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) and Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) along the centralCalifornia coast, 1992-2001
Causes of live strandings of northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) and Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) along the centralCalifornia coast, 1992-2001
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DOI：
10.1578/am.31.1.2005.1
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Gulland, Frances M. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Colegrove, Kathleen M.;Greig, Denise J.;Gulland, Frances M. D.
1992年1月至2001年12月期间，共有1,277只北象海豹（Mirounga angustirostris）和940只太平洋斑海豹（Phoca vitulina）滞留在加州中部海岸。通过检查每只搁浅海豹的医疗记录，确定了搁浅的主要原因和导致搁浅的次要因素。大多数（88.3%）的动物是当年出生的幼崽。象海豹活体搁浅的最常见原因包括营养不良（56.6%）、环圆耳圆线虫感染（12.1%）和北象海豹皮肤病（9.8%）。斑海豹搁浅的最常见原因是营养不良（51.8%）、呼吸道疾病（9.6%）和外伤（8.0%）。象海豹和斑海豹搁浅的常见次要因素包括人类互动、创伤和眼部疾病。对于这两种海藻，O.circuritus 感染的最高发病率发生在 1992 年和 1993 年，即中等厄尔尼诺-南方涛动事件发生的年份。海豹疱疹病毒-1 感染是斑海豹搁浅的常见主要和次要因素，发病率最高发生在 1994 年至 1998 年之间。在过去十年中，人类对搁浅事件的干扰有所增加，最常见的是人口稠密地区附近的海滩。
Between January 1992 and December 2001 a total of 1,277 northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) and 940 Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) were stranded live along the central California coast. By examining medical records for each of the stranded seals, the primary cause of stranding and the secondary factors contributing to stranding were determined. The majority (88.3%) of animals were young born that year. The most common causes of live strandings for elephant seals included malnutrition (56.6%), Otostrongylus circumlitus infection (12.1%), and northern elephant seal skin disease (9.8%). The most common causes of strandings for harbor seals were malnutrition (51.8%), respiratory disease (9.6%), and trauma (8.0%). Common secondary factors for strandings for both elephant and harbor seals included human interaction, trauma, and ocular disease. For both species of phocid, the highest prevalence of O. circumlitus infection occurred in 1992 and 1993, years of a moderate El Nino-Southern Oscillation event. Phocine herpesvirus-1 infection was a common primary and secondary factor in harbor seal strandings, and the highest prevalence occurred between 1994 and 1998. Human interference in stranding events increased in the past ten years and is most commonly reported on beaches near heavily populated areas.