Dissipative quantum many-body dynamics in (1+1)D quantum cellular automata and quantum neural networks

Dissipative quantum many-body dynamics in (1+1)D quantum cellular automata and quantum neural networks
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(1 1)D 量子细胞自动机和量子神经网络中的耗散量子多体动力学

DOI:
10.1088/1367-2630/aceff4
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Boneberg M
Boneberg M
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Boneberg M

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由基本单元构建的经典人工神经网络具有巨大的表达能力。在这里,我们研究了量子神经网络(QNN)架构,它遵循类似的范式。它在结构上相当于所谓的 (1+1)D 量子细胞自动机,它是二维量子晶格系统,动力学在离散时间内发生。连续时间片(或相邻网络层)之间的信息传输由局部量子门控制,局部量子门可以被视为经典基本单元的量子对应物。沿着时间方向,在还原态水平上出现有效的耗散演化,并且这种动力学的性质由基本门的结构决定。我们展示了如何构造局部酉门以产生所需的多体动力学,该动力学在某些参数范围内由 Lindblad 主方程控制。我们通过数值模拟针对小系统尺寸进行了研究,并演示了如何以参数方式控制量子元胞自动机内的集体效应。我们的研究朝着利用大型 QNN 中的大规模突发现象进行机器学习迈出了一步。
Classical artificial neural networks, built from elementary units, possess enormous expressive power. Here we investigate a quantum neural network (QNN) architecture, which follows a similar paradigm. It is structurally equivalent to so-called (1+ 1) D quantum cellular automata, which are two-dimensional quantum lattice systems on which dynamics takes place in discrete time. Information transfer between consecutive time slices—or adjacent network layers—is governed by local quantum gates, which can be regarded as the quantum counterpart of the classical elementary units. Along the time-direction an effective dissipative evolution emerges on the level of the reduced state, and the nature of this dynamics is dictated by the structure of the elementary gates. We show how to construct the local unitary gates to yield a desired many-body dynamics, which in certain parameter regimes is governed by a Lindblad master equation. We study this for small system sizes through numerical simulations and demonstrate how collective effects within the quantum cellular automaton can be controlled parametrically. Our study constitutes a step towards the utilization of large-scale emergent phenomena in large QNNs for machine learning purposes.
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