Synthesis of Spheres with Complex Structures Using Hollow Latex Cages as Templates
Synthesis of Spheres with Complex Structures Using Hollow Latex Cages as Templates
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DOI：
10.1002/adfm.200500070
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发表时间：
2005-09
影响因子：
19
通讯作者：
M. Yang;John Man-shun Ma;Z. Niu;X. Dong;H. Xu;Z. Meng;Z. Jin;Y. Lu;Z. Hu;Z. Yang-Z.-Yan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Yang;John Man-shun Ma;Z. Niu;X. Dong;H. Xu;Z. Meng;Z. Jin;Y. Lu;Z. Hu;Z. Yang-Z.-Yan
以中空乳胶保持架(HLC)为模板，制备了结构复杂的复合中空球。模板HLC具有具有连接到内部亲水表面的横向亲水通道的聚苯乙烯外壳。它们是稳定的和渗透性的，可以将试剂预加载到空洞储存库中。内部亲水表面有利于向内合成。通过简单地改变试剂的加载顺序和浓度，可以调节复合球的形态。例如，在使用钛酸四丁酯(TBT)的溶胶-凝胶法形成二氧化钛复合球的过程中，由于预加水的HLC在适当浓度的TBT中浸泡时，在亲水通道内形成二氧化钛，因此主要产生具有从表面突出的二氧化钛柱子的复合空心球。当TBT浓度降低时，柱子的尺寸也相应减小，直到它们消失，导致外表面光滑。相反，当负载了TBT的HLC浸入水中时，二氧化钛只在内亲水表面形成，而不在通道内形成，从而形成具有光滑外表面的复合中空球。该复合球还可以进一步作为模板在外表面生长材料，得到各种成分的双壳空心球。通过使用复合球的阵列模板，已经获得了具有独特形貌的大孔材料--例如，嵌入孔内的空心球。该方法可应用于各种无机材料、金属、氧化物、半导体和功能聚合物。
Hollow latex cages (HLCs) are used as templates to fabricate composite hollow spheres with complex structures. The template HLCs have a polystyrene shell with transverse hydrophilic channels connecting to an interior hydrophilic surface. They are stable and permeable, and a reagent can be preloaded into the cavity reservoir. The interior hydrophilic surface is conducive to a favorable inward synthesis. By simply altering the loading sequence of reagents and their concentration, the morphology of the composite spheres can be tuned. For example, during the formation of titania composite spheres by a sol–gel process using tetrabutyl titanate (TBT), composite hollow spheres with titania pillars protruding from the surface are predominantly created, owing to the formation of titania within the hydrophilic channels when the HLCs, preloaded with water, are immersed into TBT at an appropriate concentration. When the TBT concentration is decreased, the size of the pillars decreases accordingly until they disappear, leading to a smooth outer surface. Conversely, when HLCs loaded with TBT are immersed into water, titania forms only on the interior hydrophilic surface and not within the channels, resulting in composite hollow spheres with smooth outer surfaces. The composite spheres can be further used as templates to grow material on the outer surface, and double‐shelled hollow spheres of various compositions are achieved. Macroporous materials with unique morphologies—for example, hollow spheres embedded within the pores—have been derived by using an array template of the composite spheres. The method can be applied to a diversity of inorganic materials, metals, oxides, semiconductors, and functional polymers.