Soprano singing in gibbons
Soprano singing in gibbons
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.22124
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发表时间：
2012-11-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Masataka, Nobuo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koda, Hiroki;Nishimura, Takeshi;Masataka, Nobuo
灵长类动物发声的多样性，包括人类的语音，被认为反映了发声解剖学和生理学的进化修改。长臂猿的歌声在声学上是独特的，包括响亮，悠扬，穿透纯音般的呼叫。在一只白手的长臂猿中，歌声的基频（f0）被放大，与正常空气中的高次谐波截然不同。在富氦大气中，f0不发生变化，但它被显著抑制，2f0被强调。这意味着，源是独立的共振过滤器的喉上声道（SVT）在长臂猿，相反，音乐的管乐器，其中过滤器主要确定f0。声学模拟进一步支持长臂猿的歌唱类似于专业的人类女高音歌唱，其中将SVT的第一共振峰（F1）精确调谐到f0只放大源的f0分量。因此，在长臂猿，在人类中，动态控制的声道配置，而不是解剖结构的修改，一直是决定呼叫结构的主导因素。这些不同的动态运动是为了应对长臂猿独特的社会和生态压力，使一夫一妻制的长臂猿能够在能见度很低的茂密热带森林中发出纯音悦耳的歌曲。《美国物理人类学杂志》，2012年。(C)2012 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
Diversifications in primate vocalization, including human speech, are believed to reflect evolutionary modifications in vocal anatomy and physiology. Gibbon song is acoustically unique, comprising loud, melodious, penetrating pure tone-like calls. In a white-handed gibbon, Hylobates lar, the fundamental frequency (f0) of song sounds is amplified distinctively from the higher harmonics in normal air. In a helium-enriched atmosphere, f0 does not shift, but it is significantly suppressed and 2f0 is emphasized. This implies that the source is independent of the resonance filter of the supralaryngeal vocal tract (SVT) in gibbons, in contrast to musical wind instruments, in which the filter primarily determines f0. Acoustic simulation further supported that gibbons' singing is produced analogously to professional human soprano singing, in which a precise tuning of the first formant (F1) of the SVT to f0 amplifies exclusively the f0 component of the source. Thus, in gibbons, as in humans, dynamic control over the vocal tract configuration, rather than anatomical modifications, has been a dominant factor in determining call structure. The varied dynamic movements were adopted in response to unique social and ecological pressures in gibbons, allowing monogamous gibbons to produce pure-tonal melodious songs in the dense tropical forests with poor visibility. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.