Effects of legal BAC limits on fatal crash involvement: Analyses of 28 states from 1976 through 2002
Effects of legal BAC limits on fatal crash involvement: Analyses of 28 states from 1976 through 2002
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jsr.2007.06.001
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Komro, Kelli A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wagenaar, Alexander C.;Maldonado-Molina, Mildred M.;Komro, Kelli A.
问题：在过去的几十年里，美国已经实施了数百项法律，旨在减少酒后驾车和经常导致的撞车事故。一种方法是降低法律允许的司机酒精浓度。我们研究了从1976年1月到2002年12月美国28个州的法律的BAC限制变化的影响。方法：采用中断时间序列准实验设计，将非酒精相关的崩溃作为比较。研究了四种与酒精相关的碰撞结果指标：夜间单车，BAC=0.01-0.07，BAC=0.08-0.14，BAC >= 0.15。缺失BAC检测结果数据采用多重插补处理。分析涉及估计州特定的ARIMA模型，控制影响整体撞车率和其他主要DUI政策变化的其他因素。使用逆方差加权法汇总各州的结果，以获得对法律的BAC限值影响的最精确潜在估计。结果：观察到估计效应的州与州之间存在相当大的变异性，但汇总分析的结果是明确和一致的。法律的BAC限制的变化显着影响酒精相关的致命碰撞参与SVN和BAC测试结果的措施，和法律影响司机在所有饮酒水平。总结：由于近年来将0.10降至0.08的法律的限值，美国每年估计可避免360例死亡，如果美国将限值降至0.05（与世界上大多数国家的限值一致），每年可另外挽救538人的生命。对行业的影响：鉴于较低的法律的BAC限值对涉及致命碰撞的影响显著，企业应支持实施进一步降低所有驾驶员的法律的BAC限值的法律。此外，所有公司都应该为员工制定更高的标准，例如在工作时间驾驶的允许BAC限制为零。(c)2007年国家安全理事会和爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Problem: Hundreds of laws have been implemented in the United States over the past few decades designed to reduce alcohol-impaired driving and the crashes that often result. One approach has been to lower the legally allowable alcohol concentration for drivers. We examined the effects of changes in legal BAC limit in 28 U.S. states from January, 1976 to December, 2002. Method: An interrupted time-series quasi-experimental design was used, incorporating non-alcohol-related crashes as comparisons. Four outcome measures of alcohol-related crash involvement were examined: single-vehicle nighttime, BAC=0.01-0.07, BAC=0.08-0.14, and BAC >= 0.15. Missing BAC test result data were handled by using multiple imputations. Analyses involved estimation of state-specific ARIMA models, controlling for other factors affecting overall crash rates and other major DUI policy changes. Inverse variance weighting methods were used to pool results across states for the most precise underlying estimate of effect of legal BAC limits. Results: Considerable state by state variability in estimated effects was observed, but results from the pooled analyses were clear and consistent. Changes in legal BAC limits significantly affected alcohol-related fatal crash involvement for both the SVN and BAC test result measures, and the laws affected drivers at all drinking levels. Summary: An estimated 360 deaths are prevented each year in the United States as a result of the move from a 0.10 to 0.08 legal limit in recent years, and an additional 538 lives could be saved each year if the United States reduced the limit to 0.05, consistent with limits in most countries worldwide. Impact on Industry: Given the significant effects of lower legal BAC limits on fatal crash involvement, businesses should support implementation of laws that further reduce the legal BAC limit for all drivers. Furthermore, all companies should set higher standards for employees, such as a zero allowable BAC limit for driving during work time. (c) 2007 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.