Frequency of behavior witnessed and conformity in an everyday social context.
Frequency of behavior witnessed and conformity in an everyday social context.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0099874
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Whiten A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Claidière N;Bowler M;Brookes S;Brown R;Whiten A
从众被认为是人类进化的重要力量，因为它有可能稳定群体内的文化同质性和群体间的文化多样性。然而，这种一致性对文化和生物进化的影响将在很大程度上取决于个体受到他们所目睹的替代行为选择频率影响的特定方式。在之前的一项研究中，我们发现，在自然情况下，人们表现出一种“线性从众”的倾向。当参观动物园展览的游客被邀请在卡片上写下或画出问题的答案以赢得一个小奖品时，我们操纵了显示的文本与绘画的比例，我们发现显示的文本比例对答案中的文本比例有强烈而显著的影响，这是一种主要是线性的，有一个小的非线性成分的从众效应。然而，尽管这种整体效应对理解文化进化很重要，但它可能掩盖了由年龄，性别，社会环境和参与者的注意力等变量形成的行为反应的更大多样性。因此，我们进行了进一步的研究，明确地分析这些变量的影响，以及参与者的反应提供给进一步的访问者的信息的质量。结果再次表明，在很大程度上线性一致性的影响，变化不大的变量分析。
Conformity is thought to be an important force in human evolution because it has the potential to stabilize cultural homogeneity within groups and cultural diversity between groups. However, the effects of such conformity on cultural and biological evolution will depend much on the particular way in which individuals are influenced by the frequency of alternative behavioral options they witness. In a previous study we found that in a natural situation people displayed a tendency to be ‘linear-conformist’. When visitors to a Zoo exhibit were invited to write or draw answers to questions on cards to win a small prize and we manipulated the proportion of text versus drawings on display, we found a strong and significant effect of the proportion of text displayed on the proportion of text in the answers, a conformist effect that was largely linear with a small non-linear component. However, although this overall effect is important to understand cultural evolution, it might mask a greater diversity of behavioral responses shaped by variables such as age, sex, social environment and attention of the participants. Accordingly we performed a further study explicitly to analyze the effects of these variables, together with the quality of the information participants' responses made available to further visitors. Results again showed a largely linear conformity effect that varied little with the variables analyzed.
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影响因子：
3.7
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