The young and the restless
The young and the restless
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作者：
A. Abbott
马德里。上世纪80年代，西班牙经济起飞，数百名西班牙博士后被派往国外接受科学培训。如今，由于西班牙财政状况不佳，他们原本希望回国的工作也未能实现，他们发现自己陷入了困境。资金短缺的政府为归国研究人员提供短期合同的新举措被谴责为太少，太迟，特别是在永久职位数量减少的情况下。1984年，后佛朗哥时代的西班牙开始努力提高其低水平的研究基础，并于1986年制定了国家研究和发展计划，该计划为沿着欧洲路线的研究和发展奠定了基础。作为该计划的一部分，青年科学家被派往国外接受博士前和博士后培训，希望他们返回西班牙后能有稳定的就业。但是，随着经济形势的恶化，这种希望沿着破灭，大多数新晋研究人员发现自己找到一份固定工作的希望渺茫。有些短期合同，条件很差，但从1985年起，每年只提供200份这样的合同--不够分配。此外，西班牙开始并继续开展一项在国内培养更多博士的运动：1991年，提供了10，000多名研究生奖学金。西班牙科学研究理事会主席何塞·马托（Jose Mato）表示，这一想法是为了通过大幅增加研究人员来确保西班牙的未来。他说：“虽然这听起来很明显，但要在西班牙发展科学，首先我们必须有科学家，其次我们必须为他们创造工作场所。"
Madrid. Hundreds of Spanish postdoctoral fellows, sent abroad for scientific training as Spain's economy took off in the 1980s, now find themselves stranded as the country's finances have faltered and the jobs to which they were expecting to return have failed to materialize. A new initiative by the cashstrapped government to provide short-term contracts for returning researchers has been decried as too little, too late, especially as the number of permanent positions is shrinking. In 1984, post-Franco Spain began a concerted attempt to raise the low level of its research base, leading to the formulation in 1986 of the national research and development plan, which laid out a framework for research and development along European lines. As part of the plan, young scientists were sent abroad for pre-and postdoctoral training with an expectation of secure employment on their return to Spain. But the high hopes crashed along with the economy, and most of the new-minted researchers found themselves with little hope of a permanent job. Some short-term contracts, with poor employment conditions, were available, but from 1985 only 200 such contracts a year were offered-not enough to go round.Moreover, Spain started and is continuing a campaign to train more PhDs at home: in 1991, more than 10,000 graduate fellowships were provided. According to Jose Mato, president of Spain's Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), the idea was to secure Spain's future by substantially increasing the research population." Although it sounds obvious", he says," to develop science in Spain, firstly we had to have scientists, and secondly we had to create for them places to work."