Patterns of adolescent smoking initiation rates by ethnicity and sex
Patterns of adolescent smoking initiation rates by ethnicity and sex
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DOI：
10.1136/tc.9.suppl_2.ii4
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Burns, DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson, C;Burns, DM
目的：确定1940年至1992年每个日历年西班牙裔、非西班牙裔白人和非洲裔美国人12-17岁青少年的吸烟起始率。方法：使用1992-93年和1995-96年《当前人口调查》烟草使用补充资料中的成人调查数据，重建个人开始吸烟的年龄和他们开始吸烟的日历年。从这些数据中，可以估计出在历年开始时从未吸烟的12-17岁的人的数量，并形成开始率的分母。在那一年中报告开始吸烟的这些人的数量构成了开始吸烟率的分子。结果：自1945年以来，三个种族/族裔群体中男性青少年的开始吸烟率都有所下降。然而，自1983年以来，男性青少年的起始率总体上有所上升。非西班牙裔白人男性青少年开始吸烟的比例普遍高于西班牙裔或非洲裔美国男性青少年。西班牙裔男性青少年的入会率与非裔美国男性青少年的入会率没有统计学差异。从1978年到1982年，西班牙裔和非洲裔美国男性青少年的开始吸毒率急剧下降，而且下降的速度比非西班牙裔白人男性青少年的开始吸毒率下降得更快。自1940年以来，女性青少年的开始吸烟率有所增加，到20世纪70年代中期赶上了男性青少年的开始吸烟率。从20世纪80年代中期到1990年，女性青少年的开始吸毒率似乎趋于平稳或略有增加。非西班牙裔白人女性青少年开始吸烟的比率通常高于西班牙裔或非洲裔美国女性青少年。到20世纪70年代中期，非西班牙裔白人和非洲裔美国女性青少年的开始率与男性青少年的开始率相当，但直到1990年，西班牙裔女性青少年的开始率才与西班牙裔男性青少年的开始率重叠。从1975年到1980年，非洲女性青少年的开始吸毒率急剧下降，但与其他两个族裔群体的开始吸毒率不同，从1984年到1990年，开始吸毒率继续下降。结论：不同性别和民族青少年群体中吸烟增加和减少的不同模式表明不同社会和文化影响的影响。这些发现支持了在吸烟行为研究中纳入种族因素的重要性。
Objective-To define US national sex specific rates of smoking initiation among Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and African American adolescents aged 12-17 years for each calendar year from 1940 through 1992.Methods-Adult survey data from the tobacco use supplement of the Current Population Survey in 1992-93 and 1995-96 were used to reconstruct the age at which individuals began to smoke and the calendar year in which they were that age. From these data, the number of individuals who began a calendar year as never smokers and who were aged 12-17 years during that year could be estimated and formed the denominator of the initiation rate. The number of these individuals who reported taking up smoking during that year formed the numerator of the initiation rate.Results-Initiation rates among male adolescents in each of the three racial/ethnic groups have declined since 1945. However, since 1983, initiation rates among male adolescents overall have increased. Non-Hispanic white male adolescents generally initiated cigarette smoking at higher rates than Hispanic or African American male adolescents. Initiation rates among Hispanic male adolescents have not been statistically different from initiation rates among African American male adolescents. From 1978 to 1982, initiation rates among Hispanic and African American male adolescents experienced a sharp decline, and the rate of decline was steeper than that experienced by non-Hispanic white male adolescents. Initiation rates among female adolescents have increased since 1940, catching up to male adolescent initiation rates by the mid 19708. Initiation rates among female adolescents appeared to level off or increased slightly again from the mid 1980s to 1990. Non-Hispanic white female adolescents generally initiate cigarette smoking at higher rates than Hispanic or African American female adolescents. Initiation rates among non-Hispanic white and African American female adolescents equalled the initiation rates of their male counterparts by the mid 1970s, but initiation rates among Hispanic female adolescents did not overlap with initiation rates of Hispanic male adolescents until 1990. From 1975 to 1980, initiation rates among African female adolescents decreased sharply, but, unlike initiation rates among the two other ethnic groups, rates continued to decline from 1984 to 1990.Conclusions-Different patterns of increasing and decreasing smoking initiation among sex and ethnic adolescent groups suggest the effect of varying social and cultural influences. These findings support the importance of including ethnic factors ill studies of smoking behaviour.