Detection of Influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in air sampled from co-infected ferrets and analysis of their influence on pathogen stability.
Detection of Influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in air sampled from co-infected ferrets and analysis of their influence on pathogen stability.
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共感染雪貂空气样本中流感病毒和肺炎链球菌的检测及其对病原体稳定性的影响分析。
DOI：
10.1101/2023.02.24.529988
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lakdawala,SeemaS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
French,AndreaJ;Rockey,NicoleC;Sage,ValerieLe;Brown,KarinaMueller;Shephard,MeredithJ;Frizzell,Sheila;Myerburg,MikeM;Hiller,NLuisa;Lakdawala,SeemaS
肺炎链球菌的继发感染在多种流感病毒大流行期间对发病率和死亡率有显著贡献，并且仍然是当今的常见威胁。在并发感染期间，两种病原体都可以影响彼此的传播，但其背后的机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中，冷凝空气采样和旋风生物气溶胶采样进行了使用雪貂首次感染2009年H1N1流感病毒（H1N1pdm09）和继发感染S。pneumoniae菌株D39（Spn）。我们在共同感染的雪貂排出的气溶胶中检测到了活病原体和微生物核酸，这表明这些微生物可能存在于相同的呼吸道排出物中。为了评估微生物群落是否影响排出液滴中的病原体稳定性，我们进行了测量1 μL液滴中病毒和细菌持久性的实验。我们观察到H1N1pdm09的稳定性在Spn存在下没有改变。此外，在H1N1pdm09存在下，Spn稳定性适度增加，尽管从个体患者培养物收集的气道表面液体之间的稳定程度不同。这些发现是第一次从空气中收集病原体，并在这样做的过程中，他们提供了这些病原体与其宿主之间相互作用的见解。
Secondary infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae has contributed significantly to morbidity and mortality during multiple influenza virus pandemics and remains a common threat today. During a concurrent infection, both pathogens can influence the transmission of each other, but the mechanisms behind this are unclear. In this study, condensation air sampling and cyclone bioaerosol sampling were performed using ferrets first infected with the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus (H1N1pdm09) and secondarily infected with S. pneumoniae strain D39 (Spn). We detected viable pathogens and microbial nucleic acid in expelled aerosols from co-infected ferrets, suggesting that these microbes could be present in the same respiratory expulsions. To assess whether microbial communities impact pathogen stability within an expelled droplet, we performed experiments measuring viral and bacterial persistence in 1 μL droplets. We observed that H1N1pdm09 stability was unchanged in the presence of Spn. Further, Spn stability was moderately increased in the presence of H1N1pdm09, although the degree of stabilization differed between airways surface liquid collected from individual patient cultures. These findings are the first to collect both pathogens from the air and in doing so, they provide insight into the interplay between these pathogens and their hosts.