The effects of rumination, distraction, and gratitude on positive and negative affect.
The effects of rumination, distraction, and gratitude on positive and negative affect.
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沉思、分心和感恩对积极和消极情感的影响。
DOI：
10.1037/pspp0000440
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Najera,Alix
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Layous,Kristin;Kumar,ShainaA;Arendtson,Myles;Najera,Alix
在一系列经典的准实验中，Lyubomirsky，Nolen-Hoeksema及其同事证明了抑郁症患者中反刍（与分心相比）的负面影响。在五项研究中，我们试图复制以前的研究，并通过添加第三个条件，感恩和积极影响的测量来扩展它们。我们测量了基线抑郁的严重程度，然后将人们随机分配到沉思、分心或感激的条件下。在操作前后，我们测量了抑郁情绪和积极和消极的影响。我们还探讨了操作引起的情感变化是否与事件的联想、解决问题和对未来行为的思考（即思想-行动剧目）有关。正如预期的那样，分心和感恩条件都抑制了负面影响（与反刍条件相比），并且反刍条件的负面影响在基线抑郁水平相对较高的人中更强（与分心条件相比）。正如预期的那样，与沉思和分心条件相比，感恩条件促进了积极的影响，这种影响不受基线抑郁的影响。此外，感恩引起的积极情感变化与事件的积极联系密切相关，以及思想行动库中较高的积极性和较低的消极性。总之，我们发现了强有力的证据表明，积极的影响，超过消极的影响，促进健康的思维模式，我们提供了支持的想法，增加积极的影响应该是抑郁症治疗的直接目标，除了减少消极的影响。
In a series of classic quasi-experiments, Lyubomirsky, Nolen-Hoeksema, and colleagues demonstrated the negative effects of rumination (vs. distraction) among people with depression. Across five studies, we attempted to replicate the former studies, as well as extend them by adding a third condition, gratitude, and the measurement of positive affect. We measured baseline depression severity and then randomly assigned people to a rumination, distraction, or gratitude condition. Pre-and post-manipulation, we measured depressed mood and positive and negative affect. We also explored whether manipulation-induced changes in affect related to construal of events, problem-solving, and thoughts about future behaviors (ie, thought–action repertoires). As expected, both the distraction and gratitude conditions dampened negative affect (compared to the rumination condition), and the negative effects of the rumination condition were stronger among people relatively higher in baseline depression (compared to the distraction condition). Also as expected, the gratitude condition promoted positive affect when compared to the rumination and distraction conditions, an effect that was unmoderated by baseline depression. Furthermore, gratitude-induced changes in positive affect uniquely related to more positive construal of events, as well as higher positivity and lower negativity in thought–action repertoires. In sum, we found strong evidence that positive affect—above and beyond negative affect—facilitates healthy thought patterns, and we provide support for the idea that increasing positive affect should be a direct goal of treatments for depression, in addition to reducing negative affect.