Occurrence of parabens and their metabolites in the paired urine and blood samples from Chinese university students: Implications on human exposure
Occurrence of parabens and their metabolites in the paired urine and blood samples from Chinese university students: Implications on human exposure
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中国大学生配对尿液和血液样本中对羟基苯甲酸酯及其代谢物的存在：对人类暴露的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2020.109288
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Gao Yunfei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang Hua;Quan Qiang;Li Xiaowei;Sun Wenjing;Zhu Kairui;Wang Xiao;Sun Xufang;Zhan Meixiao;Xu Weiguo;Lu Ligong;Fan Jun;Gao Yunfei
对羟基苯甲酸酯是一类对羟基苯甲酸酯，广泛应用于化妆品、个人护理产品、医药和食品中。检测了196名大学生尿液和血液中对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(MEP)、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯(ETP)、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯(PrP)、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯(BUP)及其代谢物原儿茶酸甲酯(OH-MEP)、原儿茶酸乙酯(OH-ETP)、对羟基苯甲酸(4-HB)和3，4-二羟基苯甲酸(3，4-DHB)的总形态(游离+结合态)。尿中和血中对羟基苯甲酸酯及其代谢物浓度中位数分别为0.24~167 ng/m L和0.02~2.88 m g/m L。甲氧基苯丙胺是主要的对羟基苯甲酸酯，分别占尿样和血样的68%和52%。此外，尿液(54%)和血液(41%)中的对羟基苯甲酸酯及其代谢物主要由4-Hb贡献。尿量与血药浓度呈显著正相关。此外，在尿样中检测到较高水平的对羟基苯甲酸酯及其代谢物。我们的结果表明，尿液浓度是人类暴露于对羟基苯甲酸酯和代谢物的良好预测因子。尿中对羟基苯甲酸酯及其代谢物的浓度存在性别差异。女性受试化合物的尿液中位数水平显著高于男性(Mann WhitneyUtest，p<；<0.05或0.01)。还评估了MEP、ETP和PrP的估计日摄入量(EDI)。所有大学生的EDIMeP、EDIEtP和EDIPrP的中位数估计分别为25.9g/kg体重/天、1.61μ/kg体重和3.82g/kg体重/天。女性的EDIMeP、EDIEtP和EDIPrP的中位数(μg/kg体重/天)分别为53·7、8·65和5·22，高于男性的8·41、0·85和2·57。这项研究是首次报道在中国的配对尿样和血液样本中出现对羟基苯甲酸酯及其代谢物。
Parabens, a group ofp-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, are extensively used in cosmetics, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and foodstuff. In the present study, the total forms (free plus conjugated) of four parent parabens, such as methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), and butylparaben (BuP), and four metabolites, namely methyl protocatechuate (OH–MeP), ethyl protocatechuate (OH–EtP),p-hydroxy benzoic acid (4-HB), and 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid (3,4-DHB), were detected in paired urine and blood samples collected from 196 Chinese university students. The median urinary and blood parabens and their metabolites concentrations ranged from 0.24 to 167 ng/mL and from <0.02 to 2.88 ng/mL, respectively. MeP was the predominant parent parabens, accounting for 68% and 52% of urine and blood samples, respectively. Furthermore, 4-HB predominantly contributed to the parabens and their metabolites in urine (54%) and blood (41%). Significant positive correlations were observed between the urinary levels and blood levels. Moreover, relatively high levels of parabens and their metabolites were detected in urine samples. Our results imply that urinary concentrations are good predictors of human exposure to parabens and metabolites. Gender-related difference in urinary concentrations of parabens and their metabolites were found. The median urinary levels of the tested compounds in females were significantly higher than those in males (Mann WhitneyUtest,p< 0.05 or 0.01). The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of MeP, EtP, and PrP were also evaluated. The median values of EDIMeP, EDIEtP, and EDIPrPfor all of the university students were estimated to be 25.9, 1.61, and 3.82 μg/kg bw/day, respectively. The median values (μg/kg bw/day) of EDIMeP, EDIEtP, and EDIPrPwere higher in females (53.7, 8.65, and 5.22) than in males (8.41, 0.85, and 2.57). This study is the first study to report the occurrence of parabens and their metabolites in paired urine and blood samples in China.