Desperate Prawns: Drivers of Behavioural Innovation Vary across Social Contexts in Rock Pool Crustaceans.
Desperate Prawns: Drivers of Behavioural Innovation Vary across Social Contexts in Rock Pool Crustaceans.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0139050
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Thornton A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duffield C;Wilson AJ;Thornton A
创新的行为可能会让动物适应环境的变化。众所周知，创新倾向在物种之间和物种内部都有很大的差异，越来越多的研究已经开始研究驱动个人创新的因素。有证据表明，个人通常出于需要而创新；例如，由于饥饿或因为身体上无法在获取资源方面胜过其他人。然而，目前尚不清楚推动个人创新的因素是否在不同背景下是稳定的。我们研究了岩池对虾(Palaemon Spp)创新驱动因素的背景差异，这种无脊椎动物面临着广泛波动的环境，可能会通过潮汐和海浪的作用，发现自己孤立或成群。使用两种新的觅食任务，我们研究了在单独和群体环境中被测试的对虾的身体大小和饥饿的影响。当单独测试时，小对虾在空间任务中显著更有可能成功，在操纵任务中更快到达食物，而饥饿状态没有影响。相比之下，当大虾被分组测试时，大小没有影响，但缺乏食物的个体在这两项任务中进行创新的可能性不成比例。我们认为，创新驱动因素的背景差异很可能在生活在不同环境中的动物中很常见，最好的理解可能是考虑到不同条件下对相对风险和回报的感知的差异。
Innovative behaviour may allow animals to cope with changes in their environment. Innovative propensities are known to vary widely both between and within species, and a growing body of research has begun to examine the factors that drive individuals to innovate. Evidence suggests that individuals are commonly driven to innovate by necessity; for instance by hunger or because they are physically unable to outcompete others for access to resources. However, it is not known whether the factors that drive individuals to innovate are stable across contexts. We examined contextual variation in the drivers of innovation in rock pool prawns (Palaemon spp), invertebrates that face widely fluctuating environments and may, through the actions of tides and waves, find themselves isolated or in groups. Using two novel foraging tasks, we examined the effects of body size and hunger in prawns tested in solitary and group contexts. When tested alone, small prawns were significantly more likely to succeed in a spatial task, and faster to reach the food in a manipulation task, while hunger state had no effect. In contrast, size had no effect when prawns were tested in groups, but food-deprived individuals were disproportionately likely to innovate in both tasks. We suggest that contextual variation in the drivers of innovation is likely to be common in animals living in variable environments, and may best be understood by considering variation in the perception of relative risks and rewards under different conditions.