The musician effect: does it persist under degraded pitch conditions of cochlear implant simulations?
The musician effect: does it persist under degraded pitch conditions of cochlear implant simulations?
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2014.00179
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Başkent D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fuller CD;Galvin JJ 3rd;Maat B;Free RH;Başkent D
耳蜗植入体（CI）是通过电刺激听神经恢复听力的听觉假体。与正常的声学听力相比，通过CI传输的声音是频谱-时间退化的，导致在具有挑战性的听力任务（诸如噪声中的语音清晰度和音乐感知）中的困难。在正常听力（NH）中，音乐家在听觉处理和感知方面表现得比非音乐家更好，特别是在具有挑战性的听力任务中。这种“音乐家效应”归因于更好地处理音高线索，以及音乐家更好的整体听觉认知功能。当音高线索退化时，音乐家效应是否会持续存在，就像通过CI传输的信号一样？为了回答这个问题，NH音乐家和非音乐家在听未经处理的信号或由声学CI模拟处理的信号时进行了测试。这项任务越来越依赖于音高感知：（1）安静或噪音中的语音清晰度（单词和句子），（2）声音情感识别，（3）旋律轮廓识别（MCI）。对于语音感知，没有音乐家的影响与未经处理的刺激，和一个小的音乐家的影响，只有在一个噪音条件下的单词识别，在CI模拟。对于情感识别，两者都有一个小的音乐家效应。对于MCI来说，两者都有很大的音乐家效应。总的来说，随着音高在听力任务中的重要性增加，这种效果更强。这表明，音乐家效应可能更多地植根于音高感知，而不是认知处理的整体优势（音乐家在所有任务中都表现得更好）。研究结果进一步表明，植入前（也可能是植入后）的音乐训练可能会在音高处理方面提供一些优势，这可能部分有利于言语感知，更强烈地有利于情感和音乐感知。
Cochlear implants (CIs) are auditory prostheses that restore hearing via electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. Compared to normal acoustic hearing, sounds transmitted through the CI are spectro-temporally degraded, causing difficulties in challenging listening tasks such as speech intelligibility in noise and perception of music. In normal hearing (NH), musicians have been shown to better perform than non-musicians in auditory processing and perception, especially for challenging listening tasks. This “musician effect” was attributed to better processing of pitch cues, as well as better overall auditory cognitive functioning in musicians. Does the musician effect persist when pitch cues are degraded, as it would be in signals transmitted through a CI? To answer this question, NH musicians and non-musicians were tested while listening to unprocessed signals or to signals processed by an acoustic CI simulation. The task increasingly depended on pitch perception: (1) speech intelligibility (words and sentences) in quiet or in noise, (2) vocal emotion identification, and (3) melodic contour identification (MCI). For speech perception, there was no musician effect with the unprocessed stimuli, and a small musician effect only for word identification in one noise condition, in the CI simulation. For emotion identification, there was a small musician effect for both. For MCI, there was a large musician effect for both. Overall, the effect was stronger as the importance of pitch in the listening task increased. This suggests that the musician effect may be more rooted in pitch perception, rather than in a global advantage in cognitive processing (in which musicians would have performed better in all tasks). The results further suggest that musical training before (and possibly after) implantation might offer some advantage in pitch processing that could partially benefit speech perception, and more strongly emotion and music perception.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Fuller, Christina;Free, Rolien;Baskent, Deniz
通讯作者：
Baskent, Deniz
DOI：
10.1121/1.2961171
发表时间：
2008-10
期刊：
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
影响因子：
--
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Chartrand, Jean-Pierre;Belin, Pascal
通讯作者：
Belin, Pascal
影响因子：
--
作者：
Driscoll, Virginia D.
通讯作者：
Driscoll, Virginia D.