Theory of Mind Following the Violation of Strong and Weak Prior Beliefs.
Theory of Mind Following the Violation of Strong and Weak Prior Beliefs.
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违反强弱先验信念后的心理理论。
DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhaa263
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Young,Liane
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim,MinjaeJ;Mende-Siedlecki,Peter;Anzellotti,Stefano;Young,Liane
最近心理学和神经科学的研究揭示了不同社会距离和群体成员之间的印象更新差异。根据新的信息，观察者倾向于保持对亲近（与疏远）和内群体（与外群体）其他人的先前印象，这种信念的维持有时伴随着心理理论区域的活动增加。它仍然是一个悬而未决的问题，是否在先前的信念的强度差异，在缺乏社会动机的背景下，有助于信念更新过程中的神经差异。我们设计了一个功能性磁共振成像研究，以隔离实验诱导的先验信念对心智化活动的影响。参与者了解了在执行2个反价行为之前执行2个或4个相同价行为（导致形成弱或强先验）的目标。我们发现一个更大的变化，在背内侧前额叶皮层（DMPFC）和右颞顶叶交界处的活动后，违反强与弱的先验，和一个更大的变化，在DMPFC和左颞顶叶交界处的活动后，违反积极与消极的先验。这些结果表明，神经反应的差异，以意想不到的行为，从密切与遥远的其他人，和内与外群体成员，可能是由先前的信念的强度差异的一部分。
Recent work in psychology and neuroscience has revealed differences in impression updating across social distance and group membership. Observers tend to maintain prior impressions of close (vs. distant) and ingroup (vs. outgroup) others in light of new information, and this belief maintenance is at times accompanied by increased activity in Theory of Mind regions. It remains an open question whether differences in the strength of prior beliefs, in a context absent social motivation, contribute to neural differences during belief updating. We devised a functional magnetic resonance imaging study to isolate the impact of experimentally induced prior beliefs on mentalizing activity. Participants learned about targets who performed 2 or 4 same-valenced behaviors (leading to the formation of weak or strong priors), before performing 2 counter-valenced behaviors. We found a greater change in activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and right temporo-parietal junction following the violation of strong versus weak priors, and a greater change in activity in DMPFC and left temporo-parietal junction following the violation of positive versus negative priors. These results indicate that differences in neural responses to unexpected behaviors from close versus distant others, and ingroup versus outgroup members, may be driven in part by differences in the strength of prior beliefs.