User profiles and personas in the design and development of consumer health technologies
User profiles and personas in the design and development of consumer health technologies
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2011.03.006
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Tolle, Kristin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LeRouge, Cynthia;Ma, Jiao;Tolle, Kristin
背景：“全球老龄化”导致医疗费用呈指数级增长，卫生保健专业人员超负荷工作，越来越多的患者患有多种慢性病，糖尿病就是其中之一。消费者健康技术(CHT)被认为是使医疗保健消费者能够在管理其健康和相关成本方面发挥积极作用的重要催化剂。这类设备在老龄化中的采用率和可用性远远不能令人满意。过去的研究指出，老年人采用技术创新的动机取决于技术创新的适宜性/相关性、感知的可用性和预期的好处。传统的信息技术(IT)开发采用系统化的方法，而不一定使用特定的用户模型，从而使系统针对年老的用户群体进行个性化。由于生理和心理能力的进行性恶化，老年患者群体有独特的需求。目的：本研究的主要目的是调查以用户为中心的设计(UCD)，特别是用户配置文件和角色，以此作为设计和开发面向老龄化人口的CHT设备的方法学工具。在卫生保健信息学研究中，尤其是涉及CHT的研究中，用户配置文件和人物角色的采用并未受到太多关注。我们的工作从三个方面开始填补这一空白。我们(1)阐述了针对具有严格医疗保健需求的中国老年人群(即慢性糖尿病患者的自我管理)开发CHT用户档案和人物角色的过程，希望所产生的档案和人物角色可以作为其他类似情境下CHT的设计、开发和评估的基础材料；(2)呼吁注意如何通过整合驱动卫生保健思维、未来行为和需求的认知结构和当前行为来进一步增强和补充传统的CHT设计用户档案和人物角色技术；(3)展示如何使用配置文件和角色来为旨在促进老年人采用和传播CHT的技术的需求、设计和实施决策提供信息。方法：为了举例说明过程和应用，我们使用行动研究方法，其中开发了老年患者群体的用户配置文件和角色。结果：研究结果显示，使用者档案与人物角色是一种有价值的方法论方法，可用于捕捉老龄化的概念模型，并为中华医学会的设计与开发决策提供参考。这项研究中使用的技术演示可以作为CHT开发人员将概念性用户建模引入到针对具有特定医疗保健需求的用户的软件界面设计中的指导方针。具体地说，这项研究提供了关于创建和使用个人资料和人物角色的指导，以利用目标老年人口的概念模型来反映他们在一般自我管理护理中使用技术的偏好、能力和态度，特别是智能手机糖尿病管理应用程序。对老龄群体心理模型的洞察已被证明可以为UCD开发的后期阶段(例如，原型的创建和可用性测试)以及实施和采用战略提供信息。世界卫生组织(WHO)预测，到2025年，预计80%的新糖尿病病例将出现在发展中国家。事实上，中国的糖尿病患者人数预计将从2000年的2080万人上升到2030年的4230万人。因此，我们调查了中国的老龄化人口，以展示开发和使用用户配置文件和角色的过程。我们希望所得到的中国老年糖尿病人群的概念模型可以用于未来的研究，以指导CHT设计者为这一弱势用户群体设计医疗设备。(C)2011爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司。保留所有权利。
Background: "The graying of the globe" has resulted in exponential rise in health care expenses, over-worked health care professionals and a growing patient base suffering from multiple chronic diseases, one of which is diabetes. Consumer health technologies (CHT) are considered important catalysts for empowering health care consumers to take a proactive role in managing their health and related costs. Adoption rate and usability of such devices among the aging is far from being satisfactory. Past studies noted the motivation for adoption by the aging is dependent on the suitability/relevance, perceived usability and anticipated benefits associated with usage of technological innovation. Traditional information technology (IT) development adopts a systematic approach without necessarily using a specific user model that personalizes the system to the aging user groups. The aging patient population has unique needs arising from progressive deterioration in both physiological and psychological abilities. These needs are often ignored in the design, development, trial and adoption of consumer health products resulting in low adoption and usage.Objectives: The main objective of this research is to investigate the user-centered design (UCD), specifically user profiles and personas, as methodological tools to inform the design and development of CHT devices for an aging population. The adoption of user profile and persona has not received much attention in health care informatics research and, in particular, research involving CHT. Our work begins to fill this void in three ways. We (1) illuminate the process of developing CHT user profiles and personas for a Chinese elder population with a demanding health care needs, i.e., self-management of chronic diabetes, with the hope that the resulting profiles and personas may be used as foundational material for informing the design, development and evaluation of CHT in other similar contexts; (2) call attention to how to further enhance and complement traditional user profile and persona techniques for CHT design by integrating cognitive structures and present behavior that drive health care thinking, future behavior and demand; (3) show how the profiles and personas can be used to inform requirements, design and implementation decisions for a technology aimed at facilitating CHT adoption and diffusion for the elderly.Methodology: To exemplify process and application, we use an action-research methodology, where user profiles and personas of an aging patient population were developed. The resultant profiles and personas were leveraged to improve the design, development and implementation plans of a smart phone application to assist chronically ill aging Chinese diabetic population capable of disease self-management.Results: The results from the study show that user profile and persona can be a valuable methodological approach in capturing the conceptual model of the aging and informing the design and development decisions of CHT. The demonstration of techniques used in this study can serve as a guideline to CHT developers in bringing conceptual user modeling into the design of software interfaces targeted for users with specific health care needs. Specifically, the study provides guidance on the creation and use of profiles and personas to tap into the conceptual models of the targeted elderly population reflecting their preferences, capabilities and attitudes towards using technology in self-management care in general and the smart phone diabetes management application in particular. Insight into the mental model of the aging group has been shown to inform later stages of UCD development (e.g., the creation of prototypes and usability testing) as well as implementation and adoption strategies. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that by 2025, 80% of all new cases of diabetes are expected to appear in the developing countries. In fact, the number of diabetic patients in China is estimated to rise to 42.3 million in 2030 from 20.8 million in 2000. Thus, we investigate the Chinese aging population in order to demonstrate the process of developing and using user profile and persona. We hope that the resultant conceptual model of the Chinese aging diabetic population can be used in future research to guide CHT designers interested in designing health care devices for this vulnerable user group. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.