Associations of religious and existential variables with psychosocial factors and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in bereavement.
Associations of religious and existential variables with psychosocial factors and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in bereavement.
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丧亲之痛的患病率随着年龄的增长而增加，并与多种心理和健康风险有关，包括心血管风险。宗教和存在的变数可能在丧亲对健康的影响中发挥重要作用。将宗教和存在主义变量与健康联系起来的理论化路径表明，这些联系是由于中间的心理社会变量，但尚未在丧亲中进行测试。这项研究在失去亲人的人群中对这些途径进行了经验性的测试。在N = 73名丧亲一年内的成年人(平均年龄 = 64.36)中，这项研究考察了(1)宗教和生存特征(宗教和精神斗争、内在宗教信仰和生存追求)与中介心理社会变量(抑郁、孤独和情绪调节困难)之间的关系，以及(2)中介心理社会变量与丧亲相关健康结果(自我报告健康、自去年以来健康变化、悲伤严重程度和心血管生物标记物)之间的关系。在实验室悲伤回忆情绪激发之前、期间和之后收集心血管生物标志物(心率、心率变异性和血压)。一致观察到自我报告的宗教和存在特征与中介变量之间的预期关联，以及中介变量与自我报告的丧亲相关结果之间的预期关联。然而，中介变量和心血管生物标记物之间的关联在很大程度上没有观察到。这项研究考察了宗教和生存变量在丧亲后整体健康中的作用，并是第一批包括心血管风险生物标记物的研究之一。结果表明，尽管宗教和存在的变量与重要的丧亲相关结果相关，但这些关联可能是“肤浅的”，心血管功能的延伸应该重新检查。精神、存在、宗教和神学(SERT)变量在丧亲之痛中往往是突出的。我们使用实验室悲伤回忆方案，评估心血管生物标记物和自我报告，以检查SERT变量如何与悲伤反应中的心血管生物标记物以及心理健康相关联。以前的理论化模型只得到了部分支持：SERT与理论化的中介变量和心理变量有关，但很少与心血管生物标记物相关。
Bereavement increases in prevalence as people age and is associated with multiple psychological and health risks, including cardiovascular risk. Religious and existential variables may play an important role in the health impacts of bereavement. Theorized pathways linking religious and existential variables with health have suggested these associations are due to intermediary psychosocial variables, but have not been tested in bereavement. This research empirically tested these pathways in a bereaved population. In N = 73 adults within 1 year of bereavement (mean age = 64.36), this study examined associations between (1) religious and existential characteristics (religious and spiritual struggles, intrinsic religiosity, and existential quest) and intermediary psychosocial variables (depression, loneliness, and difficulties in emotion regulation), and between (2) intermediary psychosocial variables and bereavement‐relevant health outcomes (self‐reported health, change in health since last year, grief severity, and cardiovascular biomarkers). Cardiovascular biomarkers (heart rate, heart rate variability, and blood pressure) were collected before, during, and after a laboratory grief recall emotion elicitation. Anticipated associations between self‐reported religious and existential characteristics and intermediary variables, and between intermediary variables and self‐reported bereavement‐relevant outcomes, were consistently observed. However, associations between intermediary variables and cardiovascular biomarkers were largely unobserved. This study examined the role of religious and existential variables in whole‐person health after bereavement and is among the first to include biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. Results suggest that although religious and existential variables are associated with important bereavement‐related outcomes, these associations may be “skin‐deep,” and extensions to cardiovascular functioning should be re‐examined. Spiritual, existential, religious, and theological (SERT) variables are often salient in bereavement. We used a laboratory grief recall protocol, assessing cardiovascular biomarkers and self‐report, to examine how SERT variables associate with cardiovascular biomarkers in response to grief, and with psychological well‐being. Previously theorized models were only partly upheld: SERT related to theorized intermediary and psychological variables, but rarely associated with cardiovascular biomarkers.
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