Migration, Informal Settlement, and Government Response: The Cases of Four Townships in Yangon, Myanmar
Migration, Informal Settlement, and Government Response: The Cases of Four Townships in Yangon, Myanmar
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移民、非正规定居点和政府应对：缅甸仰光四个乡镇的案例
DOI：
10.4000/moussons.4943
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
0.1
通讯作者：
Eben Forbes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eben Forbes
在缅甸，2008年《宪法》规定，公民有权在该国任何地方定居。当2010年开始的政治和经济改革开始加速时，越来越多的人开始行使这一权利，移民到城市，仰光是最受欢迎的目的地。仰光无疑是这个国家在融入全球经济的新时代的增长引擎。但仰光正在努力支持这么多的新居民这么快，政府当局远远没有给予任何合法性的非正式定居点-这是接收最大数量的移民，城市的原始居民也不热衷于接受他们。本文将探讨两个非正式定居点的位置-一个在城市的边缘和其他位于中央商务区和边缘之间的区域，或“中心城市”。这两个地方将在其易受驱逐，家庭债务和环境危害方面进行比较;以及其基本城市服务，就业和通勤时间的供应。本文将探讨仰光今天面临的一个核心难题：能否实现有序、可控的城市增长，同时以尊重流动权和基本服务需求的方式同化许多新来者？本文依靠作者自己的家庭调查和实地研究，除了最近的奖学金的主题，阐明这个问题的重要作用，这些新来者在这个新兴城市的整体经济和运作。
In Myanmar, the 2008 Constitution stipulated that citizens have the right to settle anywhere in the country. When political and economic reforms begun in 2010 started to gather steam, more and more people began to exercise that right by migrating to cities with Yangon being the most popular destination. Yangon is beyond doubt the driving engine of growth for this country in its new era of induction into the global economy. But Yangon is struggling to support so many new residents so quickly, and government authorities are far from granting any legitimacy to informal settlements—which are receiving the largest numbers of migrants, and the city’s original residents are not keen to accept them either. This paper will examine two informal settlement locations—one at the very periphery of the city and the other located in the area between the Central Business District and the periphery, or “Central City”. These two locations will be compared in terms of their vulnerability to eviction, household debt, and environmental hazards; as well as their supply of basic urban services, employment, and commuting time. The paper will examine a central conundrum facing Yangon today: can orderly, controlled urban growth be achieved while also assimilating the many newcomers in ways that respect their right to mobility and need for basic services? This paper relies upon the author’s own household surveys and field research in addition to recent scholarship on the subject to elucidate this question in light of the vital role these newcomers play in the overall economy and functioning of this burgeoning city.