Gut microbiota composition before infection determines the Salmonella super- and low-shedder phenotypes in chicken
Gut microbiota composition before infection determines the Salmonella super- and low-shedder phenotypes in chicken
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DOI：
10.1111/1751-7915.13621
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发表时间：
2020-07-08
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Velge, Philippe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kempf, Florent;Menanteau, Pierrette;Velge, Philippe
感染的异质性和极端的脱落模式是动物传染病的共同特征。作为超级脱落者的个体寄主是控制策略的关键目标。然而，与超级脱落器的出现相关的机制在很大程度上仍不清楚。在鸡沙门氏菌病期间，当动物之间的交叉污染和再感染减少时，感染的异质性很高。我们假设，与超级脱落者不同，低脱落者将能够阻止第一次沙门氏菌繁殖，这要归功于不同的肠道微生物群。本研究表明：(I)无菌和抗生素处理的雏鸡更容易成为超级脱落者；(Ii)超级或低脱落者表型可以通过微生物群转移获得；(Iii)特定的肠道微生物区系分类特征决定了沙门氏菌在隔离器中感染后雏鸡是否发展为低脱落者和超级脱落者表型；(Iv)在沙门氏菌感染之前接种四种共生菌可以提供部分保护。这项研究证明了肠道微生物区系组成在感染异质性中的关键作用，并为开发预测生物标志物和保护性益生菌铺平了道路。
Heterogeneity of infection and extreme shedding patterns are common features of animal infectious diseases. Individual hosts that are super-shedders are key targets for control strategies. Nevertheless, the mechanisms associated with the emergence of super-shedders remain largely unknown. During chicken salmonellosis, a high heterogeneity of infection is observed when animal-to-animal cross-contaminations and reinfections are reduced. We hypothesized that unlike super-shedders, low-shedders would be able to block the firstSalmonellacolonization thanks to a different gut microbiota. The present study demonstrates that (i) axenic and antibiotic-treated chicks are more prone to become super-shedders; (ii) super or low-shedder phenotypes can be acquired through microbiota transfer; (iii) specific gut microbiota taxonomic features determine whether the chicks develop a low- and super-shedder phenotype afterSalmonellainfection in isolator; (iv) partial protection can be conferred by inoculation of four commensal bacteria prior toSalmonellainfection. This study demonstrates the key role plays by gut microbiota composition in the heterogeneity of infection and pave the way for developing predictive biomarkers and protective probiotics.